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Central Nervous system Beatrice Mwachugu (Cerebrum (White matter tracts…
Central Nervous system Beatrice Mwachugu
Cerebrum
Frontal lobe
Cognitive function like thinking, planning and making decisions.
Parietal lobe
Allows conscience awareness of sound, objects body parts
Receives sensory information and processes it
Temporal lobe
Contain auditory and olfactory cortex responsible for hearing
Emotional response and memory
Language comprehension
Occipital lobe
Contain the visual cortex responsible for seeing
Insula
Has visceral sensory cortex for taste and general visceral sensations
Post central gyrus
Contains primary somatosensory cortex that receives information from skin, muscles joints etc
Precentarl gyrus
Contain primary motor cortex that is responsible for voluntary mivements
Broca Area/Motor area
Controls motor movements necessary for speaking
Wernicke area
It enables us to understand speech
White matter tracts
Commissural
Connects from one hemisphere to another eg corpus callosum
Projection
Largest tracts that go vertically or ascend to the cortex from lower regions
Association
Connects different parts of the same hemisphere
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Gateway to the cerebral cortex ie it processes information and relays it to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Controls autonomic nervous system
The peripheral motor neurons control contraction of smooth and cardiac muscles
Regulation of body temperature
Regulation of hunger and thirst
Regulation of sleep wake cycles
Control of the endocrine system which controls secretion of hormones.
Contols emotional response
Formation of memeory
Epithalamus
Contains pineal gland which secretes melatonin hormone which signal body to prepare for sleep
Brain stem
Midbrain
Assists in eye movements and auditory and visual processing
Pons
Part of brainstem that links medulla omblongata to thalamus
Medulla oblongata
Regulates breathing, heart function ,digestion etc
Cerebellum
Functions
Responsible for balance and posture
Smooths and coordinates body movements that are
Cerebellar peduncles
Inferior Cerebellar peduncles
Arises from medulla and carries primarily afferent fibers
Middle Cerebellar
Connects pons to the cerebellum
Superior cerebellar peduncles
Connects the cerebellum to the midbrain
Spinal cord
Conus Medullaris
Connects to the spinal cprd
Cauda equina
Collection of nerve roots
Fillum Terminale
Extends from conus medullaris and attatches to the coccyx
Anchors the spinal cord in place so its not jotled by body movements
Anterior root
Efferent motor root of a spinal nerve
Posterior root
emerges from spinal cord to the dorsal root ganglion
CNS protection
Three meninges
Dural sinuses
Collect blood from the brain and conduct it to the large internal jugular veins.
Epidural space
Filled with cushioning fat and a network of veins
Subarachnoid
weblike space with cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels