Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (Cerebrum (Three white matter tracts (Commissural…
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Cerebrum
Insula
Gustation cortex.
General visceral sensations.
Occipital lobe
Location of visual cortex.
Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex.
Control of voluntary movement.
Pyramidal cell (neuron).
Temporal lobe
Auditory + olfactory cortex.
Recognition of objects, words, faces.
Language comprehension.
Emotional response + memory.
Postcentral gyrus
Primary somatosensory cortex (skin, muscle, joints).
Aware of proprioception sensations.
Parietal lobe
Receives sensory information + processes it.
Awareness of objects, sounds, body parts.
Conscious awareness of general somatic sensation.
Frontal lobe
Think, plan, make decision.
Planning + initiating voluntary movement.
Memory
Broca area (motor speech area)
Located in left hemisphere.
Control motor movement of speech.
Wernicke area
Located in left hemisphere.
Understanding of speech - name objects + reads words.
Three white matter tracts
Commissural tracts
Corpus callosum.
Connect same cortical area in opposite hemisphere.
Projection tracts
Longest tracts.
Connect cortex with other area in CNS.
Association tracts
Connects parts of same hemisphere.
Spinal Cord
Cauda equina
Bundles of spinal nerves & spinal nerve rootlets.
Occupies subarachnoid cisterns.
Filum terminale
Fibrous connective tissue.
One of modifications of pia mater.
Give longitudinal support to spinal cord.
Conus medullaris
Very end of spinal cord.
Near lumbar vertebral L1 - L2
Anterior root
Efferent motor root
Consists axons from motor neurons.
Posterior root
Emerges directly from spinal cord.
Travels to dorsal root ganglion.
Afferent sensory root.
Posterior root ganglion
Cluster of neuron cell bodies.
Afferent - axons relay sensory into CNS.
CNS protection
Subarachnoid space
Interval between arachnoid membrane and pia mater.
Filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Epidural space
Outermost part of spinal canal.
Space within canal lying outside dura mater.
Three Meninges
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space filled with C.S.F.
Blood vessels.
Pia mater
Fibrous C.T
Very vascular - capillary rich.
Dura mater
Tough, dense fibrous C.T
Perosteal layer.
Meningeal layer - spinal cord.
Subdural space - little film of fluid.
Dural sinuses
Blue: oxygen poor blood.
Venous channels found between endosteal and meningeal layer
Receive blood from internal & external veins of brain.
Receive CFS.
Empty into internal jugular vein.
Cerebellum
Functions
Smooth + coordinate body movements w/ help of other brain parts.
Maintain posture + equilibrium.
Three cerebellar peduncles
Middle peduncle
Efferent.
Composed of centripetal fibers.
Connect cerebellum to pons.
Inferior peduncle
Afferent.
Proprioceptor --> equilibrium.
Occupies upper part of posterior district of medulla oblongata.
Superior peduncle
Efferent.
Paired structure of white matter.
Connect cerebellum to midbrain.
Brain Stem
Pons
Middle cerebellar peduncles - connect cerebellum to cerebral cortex.
Reticular formation nuclei - involved with autonomic behaviors.
Medulla oblongata
Major functions
Cardiac center - heart.
Vasomotor center - blood pressure.
Respiration center - breathing rate.
Structure
Pyramids
Cortex of precentral gyrus - motor output through pyramidal tracts.
Decussation of pyramids
Cranial nerve nuclei
Olfactory + optic cranial nerve do NOT connect to brain stem.
Sensory tracts
2 different directions of sensory tracts.
Midbrain
Cerebral peduncles
Composed of pyramidal motor tracts from cerebrum to spinal cord.
Corpora quadrigemina
Superior colliculi
Involved in visual reflexes.
Inferior colliculi
Involved in auditory reflexes.
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
Several nuclei.
Main visceral control center.
Controls autonomic NS w/ help of gray matter in brain stem.
Regulates body temperature / hunger / thirst / sleep / wake circle.
Control endocrine system.
Involved with emotion.
-Controls motivational behavior for food / sex.
Involved formation of memory.
Epithalamus
Pineal gland - secretes melatonin - prepares for sleep.
Thalamus
Several nuclei of gray matter.
Sensory info on way to cortex go through thalamus - except olfaction.
Relay station - amplification / "tone down" the signal.