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Nervous System (Impulse conduction (Resting membrane potential…

- - - - Ex- eye responds to light
  - - - Head to tail
        
        Neurotransmitters move between in synapse
    - - Simulate the release of hormones
    - - Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
      - Motor neurons
      - ACh is a neurotransmitter released by motor neurons
  - - - Ligand- gated channels (chemicals)
      - Voltage gated channels (membrane potential)
      - Leakage channels (always open)
  - - - Polarized at -70mV
    - - Potential only occurs across membrane, inside, and out of cell are electrically neutral
    - - Intracellular fluids balanced by negatively charged proteins
    - - Potassium ions diffuse out easier than sodium so potassium flows out while sodium trickles or leaks in
- - - - Depolarization
        
        Repolarization
- - - - Processing and interpretation of sensory
  - - - Ex, Hand move, foot move, too hot, pull away
  - - - Sensory neurons transmit impulses tward the CNS
        
        Unipolar
        
        Afferent
    - - Miltipolar
      - Efferent
    - - Most are multipolar
      - Association
- - - - Oligodendrocytes
      - Multiple processes
      - No neurilemma
    - - Schwawn cells wrap around myelin sheath
        
        Wraps many times, causing the nucleus and other organelles to push up outside forming neurilemma
      - Nodes of ranvier
- - - - Inside becomes less negative
  - - - Inside becomes more negative
  - - - Receptor (sensory neuron excited by a form of energy
      - Postsynaptic - neurotransmitter
    - - Will become stronger and last longer if summed with other graded potentials
- - - - Cell body - contains nucleus
        
        Nissl bodies
      - Contains most organelles
        
        Amniotic
      - Mostly contained in central nervous system
    - - Extend from the cell body
        
        PNS is mostly process
      - Dendrites have incoming messages towards cell body
      - Axon sends nerve impulses away from the body - to effector
        
        Axon collateral's
    - - Based on processes extending from the cell body
      - Multipolar neurons - 3 or more process
        
        Most common type in CNS and PNS
      - Bipolar neuron - 2 processes extending from opposite sides of cell body
        
        Found in retna and special places
      - Unipolar neurons - have single shot process that has axon and dendrite. Emerges from cell body
- - - - No impulses
    - - Astrocytes are most abundant
        
        Assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons
        
        Star shaped
      - Microglia
        
        Transforms phagocytes
      - Oligodendrocytes
        
        Thicker neuron fibers, wrap around forming myelin sheaths
      - Ependymal cells
        
        Lines central cavities of brain and spinal cord
    - - Satellite cells
        
        Surround neuron cell bodies
      - Schwann cells
        
        Surround and form myelin sheaths in PNS