Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Populations and Ecosystem (The structure of Populations (Geographic…
Populations and Ecosystem
Concepts
Community (Population does not exist in isolation rather, co-exists with numerous population of other plant species as well as populations of animals, fungi, protists, and prokaryotes)
Population (An individual plant never exists in isolation in a habitat; instead, there are other individual of the same species and together they constitute)
Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats
Habitat (The set of conditions in which an organism completes its life cycle)
Abiotic (Non-living factor)
Abiotic Components of the Habitat
Climate (Critically important to all organisms ; has many components -temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and winds)
Soil Factor (Formed by breakdown of rock. First soil that invade a new soil, called pioneers)
Has three layers of horizon
A horizon (Uppermost and sometimes its
called the zone of leaching ; consists of litter and debris)
B horizon (Zone of deposition because rainwater washes nutrients from A horizon to this layer)
C horizon (Composed mostly of parent rock and rock fragments)
Latitude and Altitude (Regions of high altitudes on mountain tops are similar to those high latitude)
Disturbance (Phenomena such as fires, landslides, snow avalanches, and floods)
Biotic (Living Factors)
Biotic Components of Habitat
The Plant Itself (Habitat modification may be beneficial, deter mental, or neutral to the continued success of that species in its own habitat)
Other Plant Species (Possibility for interaction is created; if the interaction is basically beneficial for both organisms, it is described as mutualism, but if it is disadvantageous, it is competition)
Organisms Other Than Plants (Animal, fungi, and prokaryotes are important biotic aspects of a plant's habitat)
Commensal Relationship: In which one species benefits and the other are unaffected
Predation: Relationship in which one species benefits and the other are harmed
The structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
Boundaries of the Geographic Range (The ability of a plant species to spread throughout a geographic area is a result of
its adaptations to the abiotic and biotic components of that area)
Local Geographic Distribution
Random Distribution: This is used whenever there is no obvious, identifiable pattern to the position of individuals)
Clumped Distribution: Those in which the spacing between plants and is either small or large, but rarely average.
Uniform Distribution: Types that occur in orchards and tree plantations; all individuals are evenly spaced from their neighbor
Age Distribution: Demography ( In which a population responds to various factors in its habitat is partly affected)
r selection: A disturbance usually produce r conditions like a fire or flood destroys many individuals in the area and resources are plentiful for few that remain whether they are seeds, survivors, or immigrants carried by wind, animals, or the flood itself.
k- selection: Condition in a crowded habitat, where a population is close to its carrying capacity, select for phenotypes very different from those that are beneficial in a disturbed habitat.
The Structure of Ecosystems
Physiognomic Structure: The physical size and shape of the organisms and their distribution in relation to each other and to the physical environment
Temporal Structure: The changes that an ecosystem undergoes with time constitute
Species Composition: Refers to the number and diversity of species that coexist in an ecosystem, and it depends on whether the climate is mild or stressful, the soil is rich or poor, and the species tolerance ranges are broad or narrow
Trophic Levels: Basically feeding levels.
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Decomposer: Fungi, bacteria
