POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS
PLANTS IN RELATIONSHIP TO THEIR HABITATS
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS OF HABITAT
BIOTIC COMPONENTS OF HABITAT
These are physical, non-living components that affect living organisms. Abiotic factors include things like light intensity, moisture, humidity, salinity, pH, temperature. 
These are the living parts of the ecosystem with which an organism must interact. Biotic factors include things like predators, prey, food source, parasites, disease.
THE STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS
AGE DISTRIBUTION: DEMOGRAPHY
r-and K SELECTION
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
the natural arrangement and apportionment of the various forms of animals and plants in the different regions and localities of the earth. eg; Tropical Rain forest biome is located in Central and South America, Southeast Asia, Africa and Australia. It is found in most equatorial areas. We are specifically looking at the Tropical Rain Forest of the Amazon in South America.
also called Age Composition, in population studies, the proportionate numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given population. Age distributions differ among countries mainly because of differences in the levels and trends of fertility. influenced in varying ways by migrations, war losses, and differences in mortality
relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of offspring. increased quantity of offspring at the expense of individual parental investment of r-strategists, or reduced quantity of offspring with a corresponding increased parental investment of K-strategists, varies widely, seemingly to promote success in particular environments.
THE STRUCTURE OF ECOSYSTEMS
CLUMPED DISTRIBUTION
UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
RANDOM DISTRIBUTION
is used whenever there is no obvious, identifiable pattern to the position of individual
are those in which the spacing between the plants is either small or large, bu rarely average.
are the types that occurs in orchards and tree plantations; all individuals are evenly spaced from their neighbors.
Ecology is the study of organisms in relationship to all aspects of their surroundings. group of populaton make comunity and group of community make ecosystem.
TEMPORAL STRUCTURE
SPECIES COMPOSITION
PHYSIOGNOMIC STRUCTURE
TROPHIC LEVELS
the physical size and the shape of organisms and their distribution in relation to each other and to e physical environment constitute physiognomic structure.
the changes that an ecosystem undergoes with time constitute its temporal structure; the time span can be as short as a day or can encompass seasons or decades.
refers to the number and diversity of species that coexist in an ecosystem, and its depends on whether the climate is mild or stressful, the soil is rich or poor, and the species tolerance ranges are broad or narrow.
each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.