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Nutrition, Health, and Society Prelim II (Fat Transport/ Atherosclerosis …

- - - - Causes: Alcoholism, rice polishing, raw shellfish
      - Disease: Beri Beri
        
        Wet: Heart
        
        Dry: Neural tissue
    - - Seeds
      - Legumes
      - Whole grains
      - Meat
  - - - Inflamed tongue
    - - Dairy
      - Meat
      - Collard Greens
  - - - Meat, poultry
      - Corn - bound, must be eaten with calcium hydroxide, like lime
      - Greens
      - Eggs
    - - Disease: Increases risk of heart attack, boosts HDL, lowers LDL, reduces atherosclerosis
      - Pellagra: Dermatits, Dimensia, Diarrhea
  - - - Occurs in all foods
  - - - Meats
      - Eggs
      - Dairy
- - - - liver metabolizes and reassembles LDL (low-density lipoprotein)
        
        VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) exits the liver
        
        VLDL is transported to tissues and metabolized by lipoprotein lipase
        
        turns into fatty acids, which get converted into IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein)
        
        IDL is transported to new tissue and gets metabolized into LDL
        
        LDL goes to the injured artery
        
        1 more item...
      - lipoprotein with phospholipid layer produced in intestines, free cholesterol, cholesterol binds to fatty acids protein receptors
  - - - Bind to Apo-B receptors in lumen of artery
- - - - participant drinks water with special hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, can be measured after some tie to determin
    - - Measures # kcalories in food through combustion. Creates food table that one can refer to
- - - - Hypothalamus
        
        VMH (nucleus of hypothalamus) Satiety Center?
        
        Stimulated: Stops eating indefinitely
        
        Anorexia
        
        Damaged: Overeating & Obesity
        
        LH (lateral hypothalamus)
        
        Stimulated: Overeating & Obesity
        
        Damaged: Stop eating indefinitely
    - - Stretching will inhibit overeating. SOUP :pregnant_woman::skin-tone-2:
    - - Twin Studies
        
        Height & Weight are closely correlated between twins, even if raised apart
      - Overweight Parents
        
        1 overweight parent: .6 chance child is overweight
        
        Both parents overweight: .8 chance overweight
  - - - Priming: Watching Food advertisements is proven to stimulate eating
      - They are EVERYWHERE
    - - If there is food present (snacks, candy in a bowl) chances are, you will eat if
    - - Waste-averse: Portion served is what you will likely eat
      - Snack package size: wont leave over chips in a bag
      - Peer portion size
    - - Eat soup & Drink liquids prior to eating!
        
        Ex: Macro dinner, always soup first :tea:
      - Composite eating - foods are combined (Japan) instead of separated (European)
    - - If you eat a rainbow, you will eat more of your vitamins and minerals, and will be healthier :rainbow:
    - - Change in culture, change in diet
      - Change in jobs, lower income, more fast food
    - - If you eat in a group setting, you are more likely to...
        
        the more # of people you eat with, the more you eat
        
        The more food you THINK people are eating, the more you will eat
        
        The ACTUAL amount of food people are eating
    - - Typically fast foods :hamburger:
        
        Fast, cheap, efficient, energy-dense
      - Restaurant food is more unhealthy than home-cooked
    - - After 18, you gain weight steadily until you're 50. Predictor of diseases like heart disease
      - Humans are gaining weight as time goes on
    - - Over time, you eat more similarly to your cohabiting partner, weigh the same
      - Divorce: opposite effect, weight loss bc of depression, lifestyle changes, increase in fitness
    - - No "set-point" that our body refers back to.
      - Range width is still debated; varies person to person
    - - Eating more energy-dense foods will effect the quantities you should eat. Many energy-dense foods have a higher fat content
        
        Goal: eat high energy foods that are low in calories
        
        Fish
        
        Fruit
        
        Veggies
    - - Reducing or skipping meals
      - Snacks
- - - - Glycogen & fat
    - - Creatine Phosphate
  - - - Ketone bodies
- - - - All false claims
      - Many drugs, not very effective, all have side effects :pill:
      - Losing weight is EASY, keeping it off is IMPOSSIBLE
      - Rapid Dieting
        
        After 24 hours: sensory enhancement, foods are enhanced
        
        After 3 days: DECREASE in basal metabolic rate, body coldness
        
        Immediate: habit formation kicks in, memory is powerful
        
        After 1 week: become obsessed with food
        
        After 1 month: eating induced eating
        
        After 3 months: clinical depression
    - - Men: stomach, midsection
      - Women: hips, lower body
  - - - Does NOT cause eating
      - Associated with an empty stomach, neurotransmitters signal the brain to eat
      - Dissipates with time
        
        After a few days of not eating, hunger goes away
      - How hungry you said you are correlates to how much you actually eat
  - - - impossible, advertisers have too much power & money
      - Obesogenic Environment
        
        Live with healthy people
        
        Live in a healthy city
    - - Get a scale and weigh yourself daily
      - Caloric Titration Method (CTM) change your eating based on your weight daily