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L2: Research Methods in I/O Psychology (Research Cycle (4: Hypotheses, 5:…
L2: Research Methods in I/O Psychology
Research Methods
Definition (what)
Investigate hows and whys of human behaviour
Predict certain behaviour when it will / will not occur
Purpose (why)
Explain WB
Predict WB
Describe WB
Research Cycle
4: Hypotheses
5: Research Design
3: Theoretical Framework
6: Sampling
2: Preliminary Information Collection
7: Data Collection
1: Identify Broad Problem Area
Analysis and Interpretation
Implementation of Findings (applied research)
Refinement of Theory (basic research)
Generalisability of Results in Research
More areas covered = more generalisability
Compromising areas = lesser generalisability
Apply results from sample / one study to others
Statistical Significance and Power
Significance (probability, not due to chance)
Power (finding statistical difference when true difference exist)
Power: Smaller sample size = lower power to detect true difference
Control in Research
Experimental Control
Eliminate influences interfering relationship
Prevent lesser reliability and harder interpretation of results
Statistical Control
Techniques = control influences in relationship
e.g. age decrease performance > test all ages and solve
Research Cycle (Detailed)
1:Identify Broad Problem Area
Applied: Solves current problem?
Basic: Need for future research?
5: Research Design
5.3 Study Setting
Laboratory (artificial)
Field (naturalistic)
5.4 Measurement
Types of Measurement
Objective
Self-report
Unobtrusive
Reliability and Validity
High and Low Test-Retest Reliability
Inter-rater Reliability
Criterion-related Validity
Predictive Validity Design (Time Lag)
Concurrent Validity Design (No Time Lag)
5.2 Types of Research Design
Experimental RD (cause/effect)
Correlational RD (relationship measured)
5.5 Unit of Analysis
Within-individual, Individual
Group, Organisation
Industry, Country
5.1 Research Paradigm
Qualitative (words / large data)
Quantitative (numbers / small data)
5.6 Time Horizon
Cross-sectional (single / one point)
Longitudinal (multiple / period of time)
2: Preliminary Information Collection
Collect primary / secondary data
Learn as much about the topic
Literature Review
7: Remaining Steps
Analysis and Interpretation
Refinement of Theory
Data Collection
Implementation of Findings
4: Hypotheses
Predict relationship
Based on literature in theoretical framework
6: Sampling
Goal: Generalise results from sample to population
Types of Sampling
Probability (equal)
Non-Probability (not pre-determined)
3: Theoretical Framework
Present Theories
Including
Relationship between Vs
Direction between Vs
Relevant variables
Why relationships were hypothesised
More about Variables
Definition (values can change unlike constant)
Types
Dependent (Outcome - observed)
Mediating (Intervene - explains)
Independent (Predictor - manipulated)
Moderating (Interactive - modifies)