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B9: Ecosystems and material cycles (Eutrophication (Process (Fertilizer is…
B9: Ecosystems and material cycles
Keywords
Population
All the organisms of the same species in an area
Community
All the populations in an area
Organism
A single living individual
Ecosystem
All the living organisms and the non-living components in an area
Non-indigenous species
Disadvantages
They may reproduce rapidly as their natural predators will not be present
They could outcompete the other species living and could take their resources they have to survive
Advantages
They could be food for species that are starving
What are they - Organisms that are not found naturally in that area.
Fish farming
What it is - Growing one kind of fish in an area, the fish are fed and the waste they produce is removed from the tanks
Disadvantages
The waste can pollute the area
Diseases - If a fish gets sick with a contagious virus it will likely infect the fish nearby.
Advantages
High in protein for human consumption
The farmer will receive an increase in income with high demand of fish
It reduces fishing of the wild fish
Factors
Living factors
Biotic
Competition
Predation
Non-living factors
Abiotic
Temperature
Light
Water
Pollutants
Eutrophication
This is the addition of nutrients in an ecosystem
For example, in a field, when there is additional fertilizer added, the growth rate of plants and algae increase.
This can potentially lead to harming the ecosystem, causing a form of pollution
Process
Fertilizer is first added to the field
Hevay rain washes it off
Nitrates and phosphates from fertilizer is dissolved by rain in soil water.
The excess nutrients are then leached into rivers, lakes which stimulate the growth of algae just like they stimulate the plants in gardens.
It can lead to a loss of biodiversity there will bea lot of plants and algae growing over water which will block sunlight, the dying plants are decomposed by bacteria and take oxygen which kills fish due to the lack of oxygen
Mutualism
What it is - when two organisms live closely together in a way that benefits them both.
Parasite
An organism that feeds on another organism (the host) while they are living together
Examples - fleas, head lice, tapeworms, mistletoe
Quadrats
They are the square frames used in field work
Uses random sampling
Reforestation
Replanting trees in forests where they've been destroyed
Advantages
Reduces concentration of CO2 in the air
Restores habitat for endangered species
Reduces the range of temperature variation in local climate