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(Work together with (local/international) universities: universities…
Work together with (local/international) universities: universities provide technology (knowledge) cluster provides job security: also Integrated degree program. Relates to External knowledge.
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Tanzania has 1 university in the overall Times Higher Education World University Rankings. The highest-ranking university in Tanzania is University of Dar es Salaam, which is ranked at number 1001+
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This can be achieved through increased government support to vocational education and polytechnics to enhance the capacity of human resources who will undertake R&D as well as reducing credit constraints for firms in order to make it easier for them to finance external R&D. The research also show that externally funding lower commercialization. A policy implication is that funding external research should take explicit consideration and support for commercialization into account as well.
Datta et al. (2012) identifies the ability of a firm to absorb scientific or technological information as an important aspect of innovation and therefore enhances commercialization of innovations by facilitating production of high quality output
external knowledge
external knowledge on the other hand involves introduction of new knowledge from sources outside a firm via external research and development and purchase of equipment or intangible technology
internal knowledge
Internal knowledge involves development or acquisition of knowledge within a firm’s boundaries through in-house knowledge dissemination and research and development, and internal education and training
Consequences
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Increases the medium wage level because of the higher human capital costs associated with a higher education
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with a higher education, the firms´ absorbative ability of new technology increases
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Joint investment in infrastructure ( economies of scale effects): if everybody contributes to the joint benefits… (related to access to production tech??….)
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Innovation is limited by low levels of technological capability that constrain firms’ capacities to undertake adequate internal research and development. A cost-reducing incentive in particular is an important factor impacting both product innovation and commercialization.
firm level solution
knowledge acquisition, and corporate culture.
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ALSO, being a policy that aims to join tanzania's companies, the Exchange of knowledge and access to new tools would increase
Stimulating informal institutions in cluster: external funding dependent upon firms respecting prespecified set of rules: see second paper for key institutions for innovation in DCs.
Other important means refer to the establishment of science parks “combined with incentives such as free rent, low tenancy costs, favourable lease terms, and tax relief ” (Gassman & Han, 2004:430)
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Cooperation with domestic firms has a significant impact on commercialization. Policies to support this process could be the promoting cooperation among domestic firms via events, platforms and business meetings. SME owners in the in-depth interviews confirmed the fact that they would like more cooperation, be it formal or informal, with other manufacturing SMEs.
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Exports
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Raw Tobbaco - 6.5%
large percent of the profits from tobacco production go to large tobacco companies rather than local tobacco farmers.
we aim to build companies that are able not only to produce tobacco but to treat, cure and blend it
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our objective is to transform the tanzanian tobacco industry into na industry with a much bigger role in the tobacco market
Raw tobacco represents Tanzania’s most important exported cash crop growing from USD 169m worth of exports in 2010 to USD 318m in 2015
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