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COPD (Incidence (Men are affected more frequently, affects 1% to 20% of…
COPD
Incidence
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affects 1% to 20% of adults, over 40yrs
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- Impaired gas exchange RT alveoli destruction AEB dyspnea
Goal: Demonstrate improved ventilation and adequate oxygenation.
- Ineffective airway clearance related to production of secretions AEB cough (persistent) with or without sputum production
Goal: Maintain airway patency with breath sounds clear/ clearing
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Physical Assessment
. hyperinflation of lungs
. deceased breath sounds
. wheezes
. crackles
.decreased diaphragmatic excursion
. increased anteroposterior diameter of chest
End-Stage Disease
. tripod position
. tachypnea (simple activity)
. barrel chest
. pursed lips
. hoover sign
. cyanosis
. peripheral edema
. neck vein distention
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Medications
[Mild]
. influenza vaccine (yearly)
. ipratropium bromide (short-acting bronchodilators)
. albuterol sulfate
[Moderate]
. tiotropium bromide(anticholinergics)
. salmeterol xinafoate (long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists)
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Diagnostic Tests
. ABGs
. hematocrit
. sputum culture
. CBC w/ diff
. serum sodium
. alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency screening
.Chest X-ray
. CT
. Electrocardiography
. Pulmonary function tests
Medical-Surgical
. smoking cessation
. avoid second-hand smoke
. CPT
. VTE (prophylaxis)
. nebulizer treatment
. diet - high cal/protein rich
. lung-vol reduction surgery
. lung transplantation
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