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Plant Hormones and Commerical Uses (Auxin (Its produced in the tips and…
Plant Hormones and Commerical Uses
Auxin
Its produced in the tips and moves backwards to stimulate the cell elongation process which occurs in the cells just behind the tips
If the tip of a shoot if cut of, then no auxin is available meaning the shoot may stop growing
It responds to light and gravity to aid the growth of plant more
Extra auxin promotes growth in the shoot but inhibits growth in the root
Auxin is a plant hormone that controls growth near the tips of shoots and roots
Phototropism
This means the cells grow faster on the shaded side causing the shoot to bend towards the light
When the tip of a shoot is exposed to light, more auxin goes to the side that's in the side than the side that's in the light
Plant Responses
Response to gravity is called gravitropism
Plant responses happen because of plant hormones that coordinate and control growth
Response to light is called phototropism
Gravitropism
Auxin goes more on the lower size so the lower side will grow faster bending it away from the gravity and upwards
A root growing sideways will also have this, but in roots auxin inhibits growth, so the upper side will grow faster meaning the root bends towards the gravity so it grows downwards
If a shoot is growing sideways, gravity effects where the auxin goes
Auxin Uses
Growing Cells in Tissue Culture - Tissue culture can be used to grow clones of plant from a few of its cells. This is only possible with hormones such as auxins needed to be added to make the growth medium to stimulate the cells to divide to form roots and shoots
Growing from Cuttings with Root Powder - A cutting is part of a plant that has been cut of it. If you put cuttings in the ground they normally wont grow, but root powder causes them to grow and you can get clones of a good plant quickly
Killing Weeds - Most cereal crops and grasses are narrow leaved, but weeds are broad leaved. Selective weed killers have been developed using auxins, and they only affect broad leaved plants. They disrupt the weed's growth pattern which soon kills them
Gibberellin
Inducing Flowering - Some plants require certain conditions to flower. If these plants are treated with givverellin, they will flower without any changes in their environment
Grow Larger Fruit - Seedless fruits do not tend to grow as large as seeded fruit. Gibberellin makes these fruit grow similar size to seeded fruit
Controlling Dormancy - Lots of seeds wont germinate until they have been through certain conditions (called dormancy). If gibberellin is used to alter the dormancy then the seeds can germinate at times they normally don't. Can also make sure all seeds germinate at same time
This stimulates plant stems to grow
Ethene
Fruit can be picked when unripe, gas can be added to it, then it will be perfect when it reaches shelves
Commercially used to speed up ripening of fruits
This is a gas produced by aging parts of plant. Influences growth of plant. Also stimulates enzymes causing fruit to ripen.
Ripening can be delayed while fruit is in storage by adding chemicals that block ethene's effect on fruit or reduce the amount of ethene the fruit can produce.