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L1: Why I/O Psych (chp 1) (Science-Practitioner Model (Measuring /…
L1: Why I/O Psych (chp 1)
Different Roles of I/O Psych
Consultants
Teachers
Scientists
Pros and Cons of Modern I/O Psychology
PROS
Contributions are under-appreciated compared to broad psych lit
Contributes to management practices
Viable discipline
CONS
Lack of Scientist-practitioners
Preference for available than tailored solutions
Too broad and uncertain validity measures
3 Main Applications of I/O Psych
Organisational Psychology
Matching characteristics of person to work
Emotion & Motivation: attitudes, fairness, stress, leadership, teams, work design
Human Factors (Engineering Psych)
Cognitive capacity and limitations in work
Designing tools, automation, display, controls for safety
Personel Psychology (HR)
Training, promotiom
Performance appraisal
Recruitment, selection, transfer
Termination
Science-Practitioner Model
Measuring / manipulating variables + controls
Validity
Evidence based to draw conclusions
Reliability
Ethics
Hawthrone Studies
Hawthrone Effect: knowledge of being observed + expectations = influence behaviour
Not always positive
Development of Human Relations Movement
Future of I/O Psychology
Usefulness
Grounding in Scientific Method
Relevance
Multi-cultural Issues
Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)
Organisational Culture
Group Culture
National Culture
Individual Culture (cultural self-representations)
Global culture
Theory of Cultural Influence (Hofstede)
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism / Collectivism
Masculinity / Femininity
Long-term VS. Short-term Orrientation
Multiculturalism
Evidence-based I/O Psychologists
Use of decision-making process + critical thinking + available evidence
Scientist-practitioner as a guide = Ready to develop and utilise evidence-based practices
Focused on evidence-based decisions with work in organisations
What is I/O Psychology?
Increase satisfaction + effectiveness (individuals, groups, organisation)
Two Divisions
Industrial - original management perspective on efficiency
Organisational - from human relations movement, enhance well-being
Study of human behaviour in work settings