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Alexandra Namvar Block E, Berakhot 5a (Pshat: God promises to give Moshe…
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Berakhot 5a
Pshat: God promises to give Moshe the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai where he additionally receives the Chumash, Mishnah, Talmud, and the book of prophets and writings.
This image represents Moses receiving the oral and written Torah from God on Mount Siani. It proves how both the oral torah and the written torah have the same halachic authority since they both come from God.
This text is stating that both the written torah and the oral torah are of equal importance since they both come from God. This proves that the oral torah has just as much halachic authority as the written torah. Even though the oral torah is conveyed through human interpretations, the halacha of the oral torah still comes from God and is viewed as equivalent to the written torah.
Seder Eliahu Zuta 2
Pshat: A king had two servants which he loved very much and gave them each a measure of wheat and a bundle of flax. One of the servants wove the flax into cloth and used the wheat to produce flour while the other did not do anything with the materials.
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This text is representing a similarity for how God gave the Torah to the Jewish people of Israel. God gives us the raw materials for Halacha, and Jews are supposed to make something meaningful of it once interpreting the Torah on their own. The wheat portrays the Torah and the flour displays how we decipher it and make it purposeful. God hands us the foundations of Jewish law to develop on which correlates with halachic authority.
Shabbat 88a
Pshat: Two rabbis argue about the way the Jewish people accepted and executed the Torah. Rav Avidimi bar Chama bar Chasa explains how the Jewish people were threatened to be killed if they were unwilling to acknowledge the Torah while Rav Acha bar Yaakov says that this reason would challange the torah and believes that the Jewish people chose to fulfill the Torah on their own.
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Rav Adimi says that the covenenant between the Torah and the Jewish people was based on force as God threatened them with death. Nowadays, each person has a choice to accept Halacha and they are not in life-threatening situations. One can argue, however, that the Jewish people's ambition and devotion to Jewish law might vanish if we don't fear for our lives.
Bava Metzia 59b
Pshat: There is a discussion between Rabbis about the purity of an oven. The majority of the Rabbi's disagree with Rabbi Eliezer's argument, even though he proved his idea through logical arguments and even miracles. Rabbi Eliezer is excommunicated for going against and having a different opinion than of the majority.
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After God had presented the Torah to the Jewish people, there was no longer a "heavenly voice" to tell humans how to act in accordance with Halacha. Halacha now comes from the Beit Midrash, where majority rules to determine various decisions. God does play a role in this text, when he shows that he is in agreement with Rabbi Eliezer since he imposes torment upon the world when Rabbi Eliezer was excommunicated.
Eruvin 13b
Pshat: The House of Hillel and the House of Shammai are the two houses that are prominent in regulating Halacha. Both of the houses's opinions are valid since they are both the words of God, but when Jewish Law is actually put into practice, the Halacha goes with the House of Hillel.
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Humans develop and extend on the base of Halacha which was given to us by God. The House oh Hillel is the house the Halacha goes with since they looks at the morality and personal aspects of each halachic opinion and source to interpret the law. The House of Hillel was pleasing and humble and taught the words of their adversary as they taught their own.
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This image is of the symbols of the democratic and republican political parties in America. This relates to the text since each party can represent each house. Each party, just like each house, has their own opinions on how to relate to issues and citizens choose which party they want in power to run the government. Just like the Jewish people chose the House of Hillel to go with when it comes to Halacha.
This image goes along with the saying, "When life gives you lemons, make lemonade." This idea illustrates how each person should use their resources provided to them to produce something beneficial. This idea goes along with this text since one of the servants uses the wheat and flax provided to him to make the cloth and flour.
This image represents the idea of "majority rules." It is clear that the larger number of people holds more weight than the single individual. This correlates with this text since Rabbi Eliezer stands alone in his opinion against the majority and then is excommunicated alone. Since it is believed by many that there is no more "heavenly voice", many societes use this strategy of majority rules to determine Halacha today.
This illustration is of the Jewish people receiving the Torah and the way in which it was given to them from Mount Sinai. As it is described in the text, the Torah is above the Jewish people and some believed if they did not accept it, the mountain would have fallen on top of them. This is how the Halacha was initially "forced upon" or given to the Jews who have learned how to follow Halacha despite this.
