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Nervous System (Steps (Action potential occurs in presynaptic terminal,…
Nervous System
Steps
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Voltage-gated calcium channels open, calcium diffusion into axon terminal
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Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
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Sensation: receives information about outside environment. (taste, smell, touch, sight, hearing)
Response: produces a response picked up by sensory structures. (skeletal muscle contracts to move skeleton)
Integration: Stimuli recieved in periphery of body goes to CNS to process reaction. The process is refered to as integration. (Baseball thrown at your head requires you to make choice on how to respond)
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Interneurons: send info between sensory neurons and motor neurons. Most located in CNS (where integration occurs).
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Somatic nervous system: controls skeletal muscle and external sensory organs (skin). Voluntary system
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Neurons: primary cell of nervous system, responsible for electrical signals
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Unipolar neurons: only one process emerging from cell, strictly sensory neurons.
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Bipolar neurons: have two processes extending from each end of cell body, one being the axon, and one the dendrite. Found in olfactory epithelium and part of retina
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Oligodendrocyte: Schwann Cell: Insulation, mylenation
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Glial Cells: 6 types, 4 in CNS, 2 in PNS
Gradient cause ions to move across cell membranes, resulting in separtion of charge across membrane, creating electrical potential or force
Concentration of positive ions is high inside the cell, balanced by negatively charged proteins and anions
Concentration of positive sodium ions is high outside cell, balanced by high concentration of negative chloride ions
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Excitable cells: permeable to potassium, slightly permeable to sodium
Neurons are selectively permeable to potassium, sodium, and chloride.
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Synaptic vesicles release fixed amount of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft.
Synaptic transmission ends when neurotransmitter dissociates from receptor and is removed from synaptic cleft
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Mechanoreceptor: Info about mechanical changes in environment (movement, tension, pressure)
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