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Word-building (The four main ways are ((shortening (- initial (alphabetic…

- - - - is a way of word-building through changes of paradigm and function of the word.
      - semantic relations of conversation
        
        1. verbs converted from nouns(denominal verbs)
        
        the instrument(eye-to eye)
        
        the agent(crowd-to crowd)
        
        the place(corner-to corner)
        
        the time of the action(honeymoon-to honeymoon)
        
        2. nouns converted from verbs
        
        the process, feeling, action (to hunt-hunt)
        
        the doer of the action expressed by the verb
        
        the change of a state(clean-to clean)
    - - :warning: the excaption suffixes:
        
        -ish(green-greenish)
        
        -ie(horse-horsie)
        
        let(star-starlet)
      - Noun suffixes
        
        -er(builder)
        
        -ing(writing)
        
        -ness(happiness)
        
        -ism(modernism)
        
        -ist(linguist)
        
        -ess(actress)
        
        -ment(development)
      - Adjective suffixes
        
        -ish(childish)
        
        -ful(thankful)
        
        -less(helpless)
        
        -ed(absent-minded)
        
        -able(edible)
      - Verb suffixes
        
        -ise\ize(visualize)
        
        -ate(differentiate)
        
        -fy\ify(beautify)
        
        -en(shorten)
      - Adverb suffixes
        
        -ly(slowly)
        
        -ward(backward)
      - Numeral suffixes
        
        -ty(fifty)
        
        -teen(nineteen)
      - Prefixes
        
        :warning: Exceptions: be(to becloud)
        
        -em(to enlarge)
        
        -pre,post,inter,anti(pre-war)
        
        Verb prefixes
        
        -out(to outnumber)
        
        -over(to overcook)
        
        -under(to underestimate)
        
        -mis(to misbehave)
        
        -un(to unlock)
        
        -dis(to disagree)
        
        Adjective prefixes
        
        -in(inactive)
        
        -non(non-stop)
        
        -dis(dishonest)
        
        -un(unhealthy)
        
        -extra(extraordinary)
        
        Noun prefixes
        
        -non(nonsense)
        
        -ex(ex-wife)
    - - Classification of compound words
        
        neutral-joining 2 stems without any joining morphems(skating-rink,full-size,to broadcast,downhill,anyone)
        
        morphological-joining stems by means of a vowel or a consonant(electro-motor)
        
        syntactic-there are also stems of form words:conj.,prepositions tec)
        man-of-war
        
        compound-derived-composition+derivation(honeymooner)
        
        compound-shortened(TV-set,G-man)
    - - lexical
      - - clipped
      - - initial
        
        alphabetic pronunciation of each letter( UNESCO)
        
        are pronounced as separate words (NATO)
      - aphaeresis-is clipping of the 1st part of the word(HIstory)
      - syncope is clipping of the middle of the word)mathmatics-maths)
      - apocope is clipping of the last letter or syllable( photograph-photo)
      - combination aphaeresis w\ apocope(influenza-flu)
      - spelling shortenings
        
        borrowed from latin(pm,ie,lb)
        
        native spelling(mr,min,PhD,