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粒線體疾病 (Disease (共同臨床特徵 (多器官影響（眼睛、腦、心、腎等）, Short stature, Neuro-sensory…

- - - - neuropathologic description
        
        demyelination
        
        gliosis, necrosis
        
        relative neuronal sparing
        
        capillary proliferation in specific brain regions
      - Classic presentation
        
        central hypotonia
        
        developmental regression or arrest
        
        signs of brainstem or basal ganglia involvement
      - Possible outlook
        
        developmental delay, seizures, altered consciousness, failure to thrive, pericardial effusion, and dilated cardiomyopathy
    - - Dysfunction in cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) is the most commonly reported defect！
    - - 預後通常不好，在一個研究中14位病患其中有7位在1.5歲之前expired
  - - - 減少自由基的產生以及其自由基