Chronic Diseases

  1. difference between Illness & disease
  1. typical behaviours

Illness : Subjective experience of a disease or medical condition over a long period of time

emotional functioning for empathy

emotional responsiveness

  • depression, anger, aggression

Disease : objective manifestation (symptoms) of a medical condition

  1. Psycho-educational Interventions (EXAMPLES)

issues with illness acceptance

grief

low self-esteem/self efficacy

engaging in health risk behaviors

  • substance use, early onset of sexual activity or unsafe sexual practices, risky driving, violent or suicidal behaviours, antisocial behaviours, disordered eating

Asthma

  1. Behaviour Modification can help clients follow physician's recommendation

Cancer

Arthritis

  1. medically recommended behaviour or lifestyle

illness acceptance

Pain Coping Skills Training

emotional stability

education on illness

prescribed diet

recommended exercise

Diabetes

non-engagement in health risk activities such as substance abuse

Arthritis Self-management program

self-management of illness as much as possible

Symptom Perception Training

Relaxation Training

Asthma Education

Written Emotional Expression Exercise

  1. Common Chronic disease/illness

1) Arthritis
2) Asthma
3)Cancer
4)Cardiac Disease
5)Diabetes
6)Epilepsy
7)Hypertension

Relaxation Training

Group-Based Cognitive-Behavioural Stress

Environmental Modification

Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy

Exercise

Diet Modification

Smoking Cessation

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

  1. Barriers to healthy lifestyle for individuals with chronic illness

Economic Issues

Physical issues

Emotional issues

Avoiding coping issues

  1. CBT

arthritis

asthma

cancer

diabetes

cognitive coping strategies, attention-diversion skill training, cognitive restructuring to address thinking errors

modification of automatic thoughts, intermediate beliefs and maladaptive schema

modify treatment interfering illness representations, prevent and manage pervasive uncertainty in life, address avoidance issues, cognitive reframing

  1. Other therapies that are more effective by nature

cognitive behavioural group training

Existential Therapy

Narrative Expressive Therapy

Hyponotherapy

They are probably going through a huge life change right now and therefore a lot of what their feeling is mostly negative

Psycho-educational Interventions (ROLES)

Primary Role

translate the treatment information into real-life situations that is important to the patient

All these, will REDUCE hospitalisations, emergency room use and overall health care costs

Increase patients sense of self-efficacy

developing patients problem solving skills

Having a chronic illness or disease would mean that they would need a lot of medication or checkups and in Singapore part of it is covered but it is still alot on the individual and their family

The way they live their life physically could be affected because of their situation therefore having issues physically

not well known in Singapore, participants has to be willing

anyone can claim to be a hypotherapist

story sharing to express themselves

life choices, cross road where to go what to do

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