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Small Group Communication (Decision Making in Groups (Specific Decision…

- - - - formed to solve a problem, promote a cause, or generate ideas or information.
    - - formed to promote interpersonal connections and are more focused on quality interactions that contribute to the well-being of group members.
    - - Advantages: shared decision making, shared resources, synergy, and exposure to diversity.
    - - Group climate refers to the relatively enduring tone and quality of group interaction that is experienced similarly by group members.
      - Task cohesion refers to the commitment of group members to the purpose and activities of the group.
      - Social cohesion refers to the attraction and liking among group members.
- - - - Define the problem by considering the three elements shared by every problem: the current undesirable situation, the goal or more desirable situation, and obstacles in the way.
    - - During this step a group should analyze the problem and the group’s relationship to the problem.
    - - During this step, group members generate possible solutions to the problem.
    - - During this step, solutions can be critically evaluated based on their credibility, completeness, and worth.
    - - Implementing the solution requires some advanced planning, and it should not be rushed unless the group is operating under strict time restraints or delay may lead to some kind of harm.
- - - - Wild and Crazy ideas are encouraged
      - Quantity of ideas, not quality, is the goal
      - Evaluation of ideas is forbidden
      - New combinations of ideas presented are encouraged
    - - Do the actual brainstorming session
        
        Follow the four rules of brainstorming. Piggy back off each other's ideas. (Last about thirty minutes)
      - Eliminate duplicate ideas
        
        Eliminate ideas that are the same or very similar
      - Do a warm-up brainstorming session
        
        In order to get things started, someone should ask a question. (only last a few minutes)
      - Clarify, organize, and evaluate ideas
        
        See if any ideas need clarification, then try to theme or group ideas together in some orderly fashion.
  - - - Ask each person to share one idea at a time. As the idea is shared, the facilitator records it on a master list that everyone can see.
    - - The facilitator should note that group members can now ask for clarification on ideas on the master list
    - - Have group members work quietly, in the same space, to write down every idea they have to address the task o problem they face. (no more than twenty minutes)
    - - Members use a voting ballot to rank the acceptability of the ideas on the master list
  - - - PROS
        
        Decision quality is better than what less knowledgeable people could produce
        
        Quick
        
        Experts are typically objective and less easy to influence
      - CONS
        
        Expertise must be verified
        
        Experts can be difficult to find / pay for
        
        Group members may feel useless
    - - CONS
        
        Group members may try to sway the authority or compete for his or her attention
        
        Unethical authorities could make decisions that benefit them and harm group members
        
        Authority may not be seen as legitimate, leading to less buy-in
      - PROS
        
        Quick
        
        Buy-in could be high if authority is respected
    - - PROS
        
        Efficient in large groups
        
        Quick
        
        Each vote counts equally
      - CONS
        
        Close decisions (5-4) may reduce internal and external "buy-in"
        
        Doesn't take advantage of group synergy to develop alternatives that more members can support
        
        Minority may feel alienated
    - - PROS
        
        High-quality decisions due to time invested
        
        Higher level of commitment because of participation in decision
        
        Satisfaction with decision because of shared agreement
      - CONS
        
        Time consuming
        
        Difficult to manage idea and personal conflict that can emerge as ideas are debated
        
        Decision may be OK but not ideal
    - - Black Hat
        
        Negative--focuses on potential risks, point out possibilities for failure, and evaluates information cautiously and defensively
      - Yellow Hat
        
        Positive--is optimistic about suggestions and future outcomes, gives constructive and positive feedback, points out benefits and advantages
      - Red Hat
        
        Emotional--uses intuition, gut reactions, and feelings to judge information and suggestions
      - Green Hat
        
        Creative--tries to generate new ideas and solutions, thinks "outside the box"
      - White Hat
        
        Objective--focuses on seeking information such as data and facts and then processes that information in a neutral way
      - Blue Hat
        
        Philosophical--uses metacommunication to organize and reflect on the thinking and communication taking place in the group, facilitates who wears what hat and when group members change hats