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Chapter 8 (Enzymes (Activation Energy (Fig 8.14 (5), Often by heat,…

- - - - Each have optimal thermal which reaction is greatest
      - Heat disrupts hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, other weak bonds and stable active shape of enzymes.
    - - Each have optimal pH which reaction is greatest
      - Best around 6-8
    - - Help catalytic activity
      - Coenzyme: organic molecule cofactor
  - - - Where catalysis occurs
  - - - Irreversible enzyme inhibitors for important enzymes found in nervous systems.
  - - - Speed up reaction but not being consumed
- - - - The study of energy transformations.
    - - 1st law
        
        Energy can be transferred and transformed
        
        Can not be created or destroyed.
      - 2nd law
        
        Energy transfer/transform increases the entropy of the universe.
  - - - Def: Energy matter possesses
      - Chemical energy
        
        Potential energy available for release chemical reaction.
    - - Def: Relative motion
      - Thermal energy
        
        Kinetic energy associated with movement of atoms or molecules
        
        Create heat
  - - - Ex: food
    - - Free energy = Enthalpy - Temperature (K) x Entropy
    - - Smaller than 0
        
        Non-spontaneous
      - Larger than 0
        
        Spontaneous
      - = 0
        
        Equilibrium
        
        Means can do no work
        
        Not occur in real life
    - - Endergonic
        
        Def: Absorbs free energy
        
        Endothermic
        
        Absorbs thermal energy
        
        Ex: Photosynthesis
      - Exergonic
        
        Def: Release free energy
        
        Exothermic
        
        Release thermal energy
        
        Ex: Cellular respiration
    - - On handout
  - - - Measure of molecular disorder (randomize)
        
        The more random arrange, the greater entropy
      - Decrease entropy
        
        Nonspontaneous
      - Increase entropy
        
        Spontaneous
    - - Associated with particular chemical process
      - Reverse entropy
    - - Misleading term
      - Not imply occur quickly
      - Energetically favorable
      - Happen overtime, need trigger
        
        Things for trigger
        
        Heat
        
        Enzymes
- - - - ADP + P(1) ~> ATP + H20
      - Catabolic pathway
  - - - Fig 8.9
- - - - Anabolic
        
        To consume energy to build complex molecules
      - Catabolic
        
        Release energy to break complex molecules