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Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups (Group Problem Solving (The…
Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups
Group Problem Solving
The problem-solving process involves thoughts, discussions, actions, and decisions that occur from the first consideration of a problematic situation to the goal.
Step 1: Define the Problem by considering the three elements shared by every problem: the current undesirable situation, the goal or more desirable situation, and obstacles in the way.
Step 2: Analyze the Problem and the group’s relationship to the problem.
Step 3: Generate Possible Solutions. Solutions should not be evaluated at this point, only proposed and clarified. The question should be what could we do to address this problem, not what should we do to address it.
Step 4: Evaluate Solutions based on their credibility, completeness, and worth.
Step 5: Implement and Assess the Solution requires some advanced planning, and it should not be rushed unless the group is operating under strict time restraints or delay may lead to some kind of harm.
Decision Making in Groups
Brainstorming before Decision Making
refers to the quick generation of ideas free of evaluation.
four rules must be followed for the technique to be effective. 1. Evaluation of ideas is forbidden. 2. Wild and crazy ideas are encouraged. 3.Quantity of ideas, not quality, is the goal. 4. New combinations of ideas presented are encouraged.
steps that precede and follow brainstorming. 1.Do a warm-up brainstorming session. 2.Do the actual brainstorming session. 3. Eliminate duplicate ideas. 4. Clarify, organize, and evaluate ideas.
Discussion before Decision Making
involves all group members systematically, which fixes the problem of uneven participation during discussions.
fours steps 1.Silently and individually list ideas. 2. Create a master list of ideas. 3.Clarify ideas as needed. 4. Take a secret vote to rank group members’ acceptance of ideas.
Specific Decision-Making Techniques
Majority rule
Minority rule by expert
Minority rule by authority
Consensus rule