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Test for Cations,Anions and Gas (Anions (Chloride (Cl-, Add nitric acid…
Test for Cations,Anions and Gas
Calcium
Ca^2+
Flame test
Orange-red flame
Copper
Flame test
Cu^2+
Turquoise (blue/green)
Hydrogen (H2)
Step: putting lit splint into the tube of hydrogen
A quick squeaky pop
Potassium
Result: lilac (purply pink)
Formula of ion: K-
Flame test
Sodium
Flame test
Result gave a yellow/orange flame
Formula of ion: Na+
Lithium
Flame test
Gives a neon red colour when placed in flame
Formula of ion: Li+
Copper
Cu2+
Add NaOH
Light blue colour formed
Iron (II)
Fe2+ (should look yellow)
Add NaOH
forms a dark brown pecipitate
Iron (III)
Fe3+ (should look like orangey colour
Add NaOH
Brown Percipitate
NH4+ Ammonia
Add NaOH. Test gas given off with damp red litmus paper
Turns dap red litmus paper blue
Anions
Chloride
Cl-
Add nitric acid and silver nitrate
Turned into a white precipitate
Bromide
Br-
Add nitric acid and silver nitrate
White precipitate
Iodide
I-
Add nitric acid and silver nitrate
white precipitate
Sulfate
SoO4^2-
Add hydrochloric acid and barium chloride
forms a white precipitate
Carbonate
CO3^2-
Add hydrochloric acid.d Test the gas given off with limewater
Bubbling and lime water turns cloudy
Testing for sulfate anions
xSO4(aq)
Sodium Sulfate + Barium Chloride --> barium sulfate + sodium chloride
Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) --> BaSO 4 (s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
Testing for carbonate anions equations
CO3^2- (aq) = 2H+ (aq) --> Co2 (g) + H2O (l)
Sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid --> sodium chloride carbon dioxide + water
Na2Co3 (aq) + 2HCL (aq) --> 2 NaCl (aq) + Co2 (g) + H2O (l)
Testing for halide anions
For example Cl- Br- and I- ions are halide ions
If halides are present, a precipitate will form. The precipitate formed are silver halides
Sodium chloride + Silver nitrate --> Silver chloride + sodium nitrate
NaCl(aq) + AgNO3 (aq) --> AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Plan for carrying out a flame test
Dip the nichrome wire loop into dilute hydrochloric acid to cleanse it to remove any impurities
2, Place in blue bunsen flame to clean it
Dip it into HCL again and then the compound you are going to test for example Sodium
Place the wire into the blue bunsen flame
note down the colour that appeared
Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Bear
H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, C2, B2
diatomic