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Central Nervous System (Cerebrum (Frontal Lobe: The function is it carries…
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
Frontal Lobe: The function is it carries out higher mental processes such as thinking, decision making, speak fluently and planning. Is also where our personality is formed.
Parietal Lobe: The function is it processes sensory information that had to do with taste, temperature, and touch. As a part of the cortex, it has a lot of responsibilities and has to be able to process sensory information within seconds.
Occipital Lobe: The function is responsible for processing visual information from the eyes. These lobes have to be very fast to process the rapid information that our eyes are sending.
Temporal Lobe: The function is responsible for processing auditory information. The temporal lobe mainly revolves around hearing and selective listening. It receives sensory information such as sounds and speech. Also to comprehend speech.
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Pre-central Gyri: Is in the frontal lobe. Location of the primary motor cortex, pyramidal neurons.
Post-central Gyri: Location of the somatic sensory cortex. In the parietal lobe. Responsible for receiving, general senses from skin, muscles and joints.
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Wernicke area: Is responsible for the comprehension of speech. Works together with the Broca's area.
Diencephalon
Thalamus: Is part of the forebrain and below the corpus callosum. Is responsible for relaying information from the sensory receptors. It diagnoses different sensory information that is being transmitted to the brain including auditory, visual, tactile and gustatory signals.
Epithalamus: Is represented mainly by the pineal gland. This gland synthesizes melatonin and enzymes sensitive to daylight.
Hypothalamus: Located above the pituitary gland and below the thalamus. The function is responsible for behaviors such as hunger, thirst, and maintenance of body temperature. Mainly responsible for motivational behavior.
Brain Stem
Pons: Located in the hindbrain that sits directly above the medulla. The function of the pons is it connects upper and lower parts of the brain. It helps relay messages from the cortex and the cerebellum.
Midbrain: Contains the nuclear complex of the oculomotor nerve as well as the trochlear mucleus; these cranial nerves innervate muscles that move the eye and control the shape of the lens and the diameter of the pupil.
Medulla Oblongata: is in the lower part of the brain stem. Function is it carries out and regulates life sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, blood pressure and heart rate, the functions are involuntary
Cerebellum
The cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech
Inferior Cerebellar peduncle: is a thick rope-like strand that occupies the upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata
Middle Cerebellar peduncle: connect the cerebellum to the pons and are composed entirely of centripetal fibers
Superior Cerebellar peduncle: is a paired structure of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the midbrain
Spinal Cord
Filum Terninale: Is a thin strand of pia mater that helps anchor the conus medullaris to the coccyx.
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Cauda Equina: Groups of axons project inferiorly from the spinal cord, they resemble a horse tail.
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Conus Medullaris: The tapering inferior end of the spinal cord. It marks the official end of the spinal cord proper (usually at the level of the first lumbar vertebra)
CNS Protection
Dural sinuses: Is a blood filled space. Are venous channels found between the endosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain. (Oxygen poor blood)
The Dura Mater: Is tough, dense, fibrous connective tissue. Has two layers- 1. Periosteal layer near the bone, 2. Meninges layer deeper.
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The Pia Mater: Is gentle, very thin but vascular layer. Contains capillaries.
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The Arachnoid Mater: Is spider like, contains the subarchnoid space that has blood vessels. Also filled with cerebrospinal fluid.