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Article 19 (Defamation Sec 499,500 IPC (Legal Premise (Sec 499 IPC…

- - - - Criminalises defamation with 10 exception with burden of proof on accused
    - - 2 yr imprisonment + fine or both
  - - - May lead to hate speech during election preventing free and fair elections
      - Defamation not just a private wrong but also a crime against society
      - Right to dignity and Reputation also FR under 21
- - - - Sec 153A
        
        Disharmony amongst people
      - Sec 292
        
        Obscenity
      - Sec 124A
        
        Sedition
      - Sec 295A
        
        Religious beliefs- blasphemy law
- - - - State has dual responsibility and it can't choose bn two
        
        Law and order
        
        FR to speech and expression
      - State can't plead inability of handling hostile audience
- - - - Prohibitory order by govt if danger to human life etc.
    - - No mechanism of a/c and has just review committee which will decide only on validity of suspension
      - No democratic debate while forming these rules
  - - - Freedom of Trade and Commerce
      - Freedom of Association
      - Speech and Expression
- - - - Germany : Social Media Policy
      - Malaysia: Anti-fake news bill
    - - Fact verification algorithms and platforms