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IDEA disabilities (LOW INCIDENCE (Orthopedic Impairment (Educational…

- - - - ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
        
        Computer adaptations:
        
        Adaptive devices
        
        Telecommunication Device for deaf (TDD)
        
        Optical character reader
        
        Electronic braillewriter
        
        Braille notetakers
        
        Braille translation software
        
        Braille printer
        
        Screen reader
        
        Screen enlargement software
        
        Refreshable Braille display
      - TEACHING STRATEGIES
        
        Exploring objects should be done in a "nondirective" way, allowing the individual who is deafblind to have control
        
        The individual may have very slow response times. Therefore, the teacher should allow time for the student to respond.
        
        Individuals who are deafblind will often need touch in order for them to be sure that their partner shares their focus of attention
        
        Symbolic communication can be utilized by individuals who are deafblind. The principal communication systems include:
        
        Sign language
        
        Braille
        
        signed English
    - - Communication/language development
      - Emotional/social development
      - Cognitive development and the ability to learn
      - Body image and self-concept
      - Movement and motor development
  - - - impact the ability to
        
        communicate thoughts clearly
        
        express themselves
        
        emotional development
    - - difficulty in
        
        developing relationships
        
        separating from parents
        
        solving problems
        
        expressing themselves
        
        controlling impules
    - - impact ability to
        
        think
        
        concentrate
        
        react to emotions
        
        formulate ideas
        
        problem solve
        
        reason
        
        remember
    - - difficulty in
        
        controlling impulses
        
        forming relationships with peers
        
        expressing themselves
    - - Interventions
        
        be sure to collect data to support your concerns
        
        family and parent support
        
        therapy
        
        pull out counseling sessions
        
        push in learning support
      - Assistive
        Technologies
        
        Audiobooks
        
        what is it?
        
        Audiobooks make reading more accessible for children who struggle to make sense of the words.
        
        For younger students, AbleNet Bookwork will transform any book into an audiobook.
        
        For older students and a larger variety of stories, use Audible.
        
        why use it?
        
        One of the areas many students with developmental disabilities fall behind is in literacy and reading.
        
        Text-to-Speech Software
        (TTS)
        
        why use it?
        
        Speech is one of the primary areas affected by developmental delays. Students may need more help communicating what they need and asking questions.
        
        what is it?
        
        The technology works by scanning and then reading the words to the student in a synthesized voice, using a large number of speech sounds that make up words in any given context.
        
        Intel Reader
        
        Kurzweil 3000
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJWMzn4b8Cg
        
        FM Systems
        
        why use it?
        
        Students may have difficulty understanding and processing all of the sounds in the classroom.
        
        what is it?
        
        Student holds the receiver while the teacher has a microphone, allowing the student to hear the teacher more clearly without interference from background noise.
        
        Digital Games
        
        why use it?
        
        helps students engage with world and peers around them
        
        there are many different apps available for children to learn about emotions, feelings, behavior, schedules and other interactive ways to encourage social skills
        
        22 apps for kids with special needs
        
        Wearable Technology
        
        why use it?
        
        track physiological indicators of stress
        
        reminder notifications to keep on schedule
        
        provide just-in-time feedback
        
        some devices play calming music or offer suggestions for stress-reducing activities
        
        what is it?
        
        smart watches
        
        Stress Tracking Tech
      - Accommodations
        
        develop classroom routines
        
        predictability of what to expect
        
        predictable procedures to promote independence
        
        provide a schedule of activities
        
        visual timer
        
        set up a proper learning environment suitable for student
        
        minimal stimulation
        
        away from distractions
        
        seating arrangements - alone in individual space or partnered with a buddy
      - Strategies
        
        positive reinforcement
        
        peer modeling
        
        hands on activities
        
        repeat directions
        
        behavior rubric
  - - - KEY UNDERSTANDING However, many people with hearing impairments prefer to be referred to as 'deaf' than 'hard of hearing' or 'hearing impaired' because of those terms' negative-sounding connotations
    - - find out what kind of assistive devices the student currently uses, and get familiar with their features and drawbacks
      - if you know your student uses lip-reading, ensure they have a good seat where they can clearly see teachers talking
      - check that there's anything you can do to improve the general acoustics in your classroom - background noise and poor acoustics can cause additional problems for hearing impaired students
      - provide written supplements to presentations or announcements made during class
      - be aware that even such things as lighting in the room, beards, mustaches, facing the board, etc, can contribute to difficulties for lip-readers
      - where possible, ensure that any videos used in class are captioned
      - if a student has an interpreter, remember to maintain eye contact with the student, not the interpreter
    - - HEARING AIDS AND COCHLEAR IMPLANTS
      - FM AMPLIFICATION SYSTEMS connects to a microphone worn by the teacher
      - COUPLING ACCESSORIES can be linked to devices such as TVs, computers, IWBs, etc
      - REAL TIME TRANSCRIPTION converts spoken word to text in real time
    - - Use multi-media approaches for visual representation of course content
      - Allow more time for hearing-impaired students to respond
      - Present instructions with visual aides such as flowcharts
      - Pre-teach special words for upcoming math or science lessons
      - Show prepared examples of what you want the students to produce
  - - - High-tech Solutions
        
        Intel Reader
        
        The Intel Reader is a mobile handheld device that uses TTS technology to read printed text aloud. It features a high-resolution camera that captures printed text, converts it to digital text and reads it to the user. During playback, words are highlighted as they are read aloud, and the user can pause and have the device spell out highlighted words
        
        Text-To-Speech Assistive Tools
        
        text-to-speech (TTS) software is designed to help children who have difficulties reading standard print.
        
        Kurzweil 3000
        
        The Kurzweil 3000 is a leader in TTS software for individuals that struggle with literacy.
      - Low-tech Solutions
        
        Enlarge graphics and lettering
        
        Highlight Key words
        
        Experiment with different background colours
        
        Slanted desks
        
        Easy to hold triangular pencils
      - Finding the Right Assistive Technology
        
        Who ?
        
        Occupational therapist.
        
        Physical therapist.
        
        Speech therapist.
        
        Your child’s teachers.
        
        A behavioral therapist.
        
        An assistive technology professional (ATP).
        
        Resources
        
        AbleData http://www.abledata.com/
        
        AbleData connects families to suppliers of medical equipment, assistive technology, and assistive devices. Their database has facts about more than 40,000 assistive devices.
        
        Texas Technology Access Project http://tatp.edb.utexas.edu/
        
        a program through the University of Texas at Austin. They loan out devices and offer low-interest loans to purchase assistive technology.
        
        Center on Technology and Disability https://www.ctdinstitute.org/
        
        The Center helps connect families to the right assistive technology.
    - - Classroom Environment
        
        Support from physical, speech and development therapies
        
        Use low-high tech assistive technologies
        
        Play learning
        
        Give clear instruction
        
        Assign a small workload
        
        Provide alternative questions and answers
        
        Remove distractions
        
        Positive reinforcement
        
        Hands-on tasks
        
        Include a mix of students in group activities
  - - - With the OHI category health problems are so vastly different that assistive technology and accommodations are very different for each health problem. Examples for ADD/ADHD, diabetes, and epilepsy will be provided.
        
        Diabetes
        
        Accommodations
        
        Ability to consume food or drink as needed
        
        Ability to use a note taker or have access to video or audio recordings of class
        
        Ability to provide diabetes care in class or the ability to briefly leave and do so
        
        Ability to have stop the clock accommodations during exams
        
        Assistive Technology
        
        The Nightscout Project App
        
        Diabetic alert dog
        
        Insulin Pump
        
        ADD/ADHD
        
        Assistive Technology
        
        Talking calculators
        
        • PDA's - calendars, timers, reminder messages
        
        Computer software for reading, writing, and math
        
        Noise cancelling earphones/ear plugs
        
        Brain games: hand held or online
        
        Accommodations
        
        Sit close to teacher and away from windows and doors
        
        Provide a written schedule for daily routines
        
        Color-code materials
        
        Break long assignments into smaller chunks
        
        Keep instructions simple and clear
        
        Epilepsy
        
        Assistive Technology
        
        flicker free monitors
        
        Monitor glare guards
        
        Auto-Dial feature on telephone
        
        Electronic organizers
        
        Accommodations
        
        Ability to rest if student feels a seizure coming on
        
        Ability to go to the nurse for medications
        
        Ability to miss class due to seizures or doctor visits
        
        Seating accommodations to allow the teacher to watch for seizure-like symptoms
  - - - "a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by a congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures)."
    - - Burns that cause contractures
        
        Contractures are "a permanent shortening (as of muscle, tendon, or scar tissue) producing deformity or distortion." as described by The National Institutes of Health’s Medline Plus Medical dictionary
      - An evaluation is required for a disability to be classified as an orthopedic impairment.
        
        The evaluation consists of a medical assessment performed by a doctor, detecting how the impairment may impact a child’s academic performance and observing the child in his or her educational atmosphere.
    - - Orthopedic impairment is a very vast category, where any educational difficulty will vary depending on the child's case. Therefore, the solutions used to solve each individual case is each a unique one, based on the child's needs.
      - Academic challenges:!:
        
        Classroom maneuvre
        
        Unaccessible transportation
        
        Challenging movement & navigation
        
        Mandatorily earning physical education credit
        
        Effective communication
      - Tips for Teachers :warning:
        
        Tailor exercise in physical education class to student's physical needs.
        
        When organizing the classroom, always keep in mind mobility chairs, etc. as to make navigation easier for the student.
      - :warning: Tips for Parents
        
        Your child can be granted special permissions to use school elevators.
        
        There exists an IEP (Individualized Education Program) that personalizes student schedules to eliminate unnecessary effort in between classes.
        
        IDEA necessitates schools to supply transportation to and from school. As well as on campus transportation.
    - - Technology
        
        DEVICES TO ACCESS INFORMATION These assistive technology devices focus on aiding the student to access the educational material. These devices include:
        
        Screen reading software
        
        Augmentative and alternative communication devices (such as communication boards)
        
        Speech recognition software
        
        Academic software packages for students with disabilities
        
        DEVICES FOR POSITIONING & MOBILITY These assistive technology devices focus on helping the student participate in educational activities. These devices include:
        
        Crutches
        
        Wheelchairs
        
        Walkers
        
        Specialized exercise equipment
        
        Canes
        
        Specialized chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture development
      - School Arrangements
        
        Instruction focused on development of gross and fine motor skills
        
        Securing suitable augmentative communication and other assistive devices
        
        Special seating arrangements to develop useful posture and movements
        
        Awareness of medical condition and its affect on the student (such as getting tired quickly)
  - - - Reading the board: Avoid red/orange/yellow markers when writing on charts/white boards.
      - Reading the board: Avoid red/orange/yellow markers when writing on charts/white boards.
        
        Assistive Technology
        
        Overhead projectors/video: Seat student close to the screen. Use a dark (preferably black) Vis-a-vis pen on the overhead sheet. A darkroom provides more contrast. Move the projector closer to the screen to produce a smaller, more distinct image. Do not use red ink. Record the assignment, provided that the student can function as well with a recording.
        
        Contrast: Good contrast and white space between lines of print offer the best viewing comfort for lengthy reading assignments.
        
        Tests: Tests should be dark and clear.
        
        Physical education/recess: Ball sports: practice catching, kicking, and batting with students to check whether or not he/she can see the ball in time to catch, kick, or bat. Use audible goals and/or balls or use a radio as a goal locator (as in basketball).
        
        Art: Students with a visual impairment should be expected to participate in art. Consult with teacher for the art curriculum.
        
        Mobility and orientation: Show student where his or her desk is, where materials are located, papers turned in, etc. Point out the restrooms, water fountains, library, office, cafeteria, gym, and bus stops and ask that braille labels be placed outside each entry for blind students.
        
        Seating: Avoid having students work in their own shadow or facing the light. Students may need to change their seats whenever they desire more or less light.
        
        Illumination: Light intensity can be regulated by adjusting distance from the window or light source. Artificial lights should be used whenever brightness levels become low in any part of the room.
  - - - “a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification.”
        
        severe cases of deafness
        
        a deaf person can't understand speech through hearing
        
        hearing aid will NOT provide sufficient accommodation for students success int he classroom
    - - linguistics
      - communication
      - educational performance
      - comprehension
    - - note taking
      - learn from lectures
      - oral exams
      - participate in classroom discussions
      - view educational films
      - language arts
        
        word order
        
        vocabulary
        
        grammar
      - give oral presentations
    - - assistive technology
        
        white board
        
        power point presentation
        
        visual alert devices
        
        real time transcriptions
        
        FM systems
        
        allow students to process sound vibrations
        
        Nearpod
        
        interactive lesson plans
        
        translate teacher's voice into sign language
        
        videos on ipads or smart phones
        
        Kurzweil 3000
        
        text to speech with OCR finereader
        
        TTS software that supports literacy
        
        Phonac / Cochlear implants
        
        special microphones send sound waves and alerts to the implants for processing information
      - be prepared
        
        review the IEP plan
        
        get to know the student
        
        read the student's file carefully
        
        empower the student as a learner
      - communication allowing lip reading
        
        face the student when talking
        
        have their attention before speaking
        
        enough time to look/focus
        
        speak directly to the student
        
        seating arrangement
        
        classroom discussion done in a circle
        
        identify the speaker
      - visual aids
        
        assist understanding of contents
        
        posters, visual cues, graphics, organizers
        
        captioned media
      - set high expectations with achievable goals
        
        students
        
        yourself
        
        FOR
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JY4uof7vvZk
    - - Assistive Technologies for Individuals Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. (n.d.). Retrieved from Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center database.
      - Dear Hearing People - A Film by Sarah Snow & Jules Dameron. (n.d.). Retrieved November 2, 2018, from http://Assistive Technologies for Individuals Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
      - Hearing Loss and Cognition: the Role of Hearing Aids, Social Isolation and Depression. (n.d.). In NCBI. Retrieved from US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health database.
      - What's to know about deafness and hearing loss? (n.d.). NEWSLETTER. https://doi.org/www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249285.php
  - - - National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (usually referred to as NICHCY) lists several common characteristics, including hampered speech and communication skills, challenges with mobility and a need for assistance in performing everyday activities. It’s also worth noting that medical conditions such as seizures and “water on the brain” (hydrocephalus) can accompany multiple disabilities.
    - - Finding a setting suitable to the child’s intelligence level
      - A child’s ability to effectively communicate with teachers, support staff and peers
      - A student’s capability to function in the classroom
      - Assessing and compensating for visual or hearing impairments
- - - - Strategies to Improve Academic Experience of Student
        
        Wraparound Planning
        
        Creating a collaborative learning plan for the student, with the input of all service providers, parent(s), guardian(s), and teachers.
        
        focuses on the student's strengths and interests.
        
        Student's Choice
        
        Allow students to exercise their "free will" and "sense of control" in order to lessen anxiety and negative outbursts of emotion and expression.
        
        Build genuine relationships with students
        
        Trust is a major factor in people's lives and for students with emotional disturbances, it is of extreme importance.
        
        Mutual respect and empathy
        are key to reaching students
        who may have had issues
        with people who are considered
        "close" to them.
        
        Create Comfortable
        and Adaptive
        Environment
        
        Calm Corners, Redirection Tents, Sensory Seating, Room Dividers, etc.
      - Assistive Technology
        
        Overall Modified Instruction , especially in ELA
        (English and Language Arts)
        
        Word-processing software, spell-checking devices, references, etc.
        
        1 more item...
  - - - A developmental disorder that begins by school-age.
    - - Difficulty reading.
      - Difficulty understanding what is being read.
      - Difficulty with spelling.
      - Difficulty with written expression
      - Difficulty understanding concepts
      - Disorder can vary in severity
        
        Mild
        
        Some difficulties with learning in one or two academic areas, but may be able to compensate
        
        Moderate
        
        Significant difficulties with learning, requiring some specialized teaching and some accommodations or supportive services
        
        Severe
        
        Severe difficulties with learning, affecting several academic areas and requiring ongoing intensive specialized teaching
    - - While there is no cure for learning disorders, special education services can help children with learning disorder to improve reading, writing and math
      - Appropriate interventions, strategies and accommodations will typically change over time as the child develops and academic expectations change.
      - Early intervention is key in people with learning disorders.