Clinical symptoms: symptoms of cholera infection may include - diarrhoea > comes on suddenly and may quickly cause dangerous fluid loss about 1ltr an hour. Nausea and vomiting occur especially in the early stages of cholera, vomiting may persist for hours at a time. Dehydration - depending on how many body fluids have been lost, dehydration ranges from mild to severe. A loss of 10% or more of total body weight shows severe dehydration. Signs and symptoms of cholera dehydration include irritability, lethargy, sunken eyes, dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry and shrivelled skin that is slow to bounce back when pinched into a fold, little or no urine output, low blood pressure and a irregular heart beat (arrhythmia). Electrolyte inbalance - can lead to serious signs and symptoms such as muscle cramps, shock. This is one of the most serious complications of dehydration. It happens when low blood volume causes a drop in blood pressure and a drop in the amount of oxygen in the body. If untreated severe hypovolemic shock can cause death in a matter of a few minutes.
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profuse watery diarrhoea. Vomiting is seen frequently, but very rapid
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• V. vulnificus can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. In
immunocompromised persons, particularly those with chronic liver
disease, V. vulnificus can infect the bloodstream, causing a severe and
life-threatening illness characterized by fever and chills, decreased
blood pressure (septic shock), and blistering skin lesions (flesh
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Wash hands with soap and water frequently, especially after using the
toilet and before handling food. Rub soapy, wet hands together for at
least 15 seconds before rinsing. If soap and water aren't available,
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Drink only safe water, including bottled water or water you've boiled or
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beverages are generally safe, as are canned or bottled drinks, but
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Eat food that's completely cooked and hot and avoid street vendor food, if
possible. If you do buy a meal from a street vendor, make sure it's
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Avoid sushi, as well as raw or improperly cooked fish and seafood of any
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Stick to fruits and vegetables that you can peel yourself, such as bananas,
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peeled, such as grapes and berries.
Be wary of dairy foods, including ice cream, which is often contaminated,
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Vaccination -The heat killed, phenol preserved vaccine has protection that
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Milk is very nutritional medium. It has protein, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals
(Ca, magnesium), it’s a good source for bacterial growth. Milk is sterile at
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the environment. E.g. milking machines, handlers of milk and soil dust.
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different types of bacteria such as S aureus, coliforms and pseudomonas.
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of bitter milk, fruity flavours.
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