Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
MACROMOLECULES (Carbohydrates (Hexoses (Monosaccharides: …
MACROMOLECULES
Carbohydrates
-
-
-
-
made of C,H,O (1:2:1 ratio) 
-
-
-
Lipids
-
-
-
made of C,H,O
Monounsaturated: fatty acid has one double covalent bond and each of the two carbon in this bond has only one hydrogen atom bonded to it.
-
Polyunsaturated: fatty acid is like a monounsaturated fatty acid except that there are two or more double covalent bond.
Saturated: fatty acid has a single bond between each pair of carbon atoms and each carbon has two hydrogen bonds.
Proteins
made of C,H,O,N, and a little S
-
-
-
-
-
Four structure
-
2) SECONDARY STRUCTURE: of a protein three-dimensional shape that results from hydrogen bonding between Amino & Carboxyl group of adjacent amino acids. spiral (alpha helix) or folded plane (beta pleated sheets) both form Fibrous proteins.
3) TERTIARY STRUCTURE: of a protein additional three-dimensional shaping and often dominates the structure of Globular proteins. contributing factors: Hydrogen & ionic bonding between R groups of amino acids. Hydrophobic effect that occurs when hydrophobic R groups move toward the center of the protein (away from water). Formation of Disulfide bonds helps maintain turns of the amino acid chain.
4) QUATERNARY STRUCTURE: describes a protein that is assembled from two or more separate peptide chains.
-
Nucleic Acids
-
nucleotides consists of a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
made of C,H,O,N,P
2 kinds of nucleic acids
1) DNA: pentose - Deoxyribose /bases - Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) /strands - 2 strands
2) RNA: pentose - Ribose /base - Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) /strands - 1 strand
-
-
Functions
1) DNA: stores information about primary structure of proteins and the sequences of RNA molecules is heritable.
2) RNA: transmits and translates DNA information into proteins. many enzymatic and regulatory functions.
-