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analgesic (Opioid analgesics - derivatives - opium plant (codeine,…

- - - - Miscellaneous analgesics are ones that are unique in the way that they work. An example is acetaminophen, which is still thought to work on cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes, but in a different way to NSAIDs
  - - - diclofenac, etodolac, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, indomathecin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meloxicam, naproxen, oxaprozin, sulindac
      - Isoenzymes of cyclooxygenase -
        COX 1 produce prostaglandins than protect stomach lining COX 2 - cause inflammation
      - Adverse effects: abdominal pain, bleeding, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, ulcers, liver toxicity, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, confusion, tinnitus, vertigo, depression, bladder infection, blood in urine, kidney necrosis, HPT, heart failure, pedal oedema
    - - celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib
        
        AE: dyspepsia, N&V, GI ulcers, HPT, fluid retention, peripheral oedema, dizziness headache
        
        Cox-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that specifically blocks COX-2 enzymes. COX-2 enzymes are responsible for releasing prostaglandins after infection or injury. NSAIDs that favor COX-2 enzymes have a higher risk of cardiovascular effects but less gastrointestinal effects.