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Chapter 25: Populations and Ecosystems (The Structure of Ecosystems…
Chapter 25: Populations and Ecosystems
Concepts
Community
All the populations of plants and animals together
Ecosystem
The physical, nonliving environment of the community
Population
Individuals of the same species that stay together
The Structure of Populations
Age Distribution: Demography
The relative portion of young, middle, and old aged individuals
r and K Selection
K Selections
redwoods, douglas firs, bristle cone pines
R Selections
annuals, small shrubby perennials
Geographic Distribution
Clumped Distributions
Small or large space between plants
Uniform Distribution
Orchards and Tree Plantations
Random Distribution
no obvious pattern
Allelochemics
Allelopathy
Limiting Factor
Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats
Biotic Components of the Habitat
Living Factors
Protists
Prokaryotes
Fungi
Animals
Other Plant Species
The plant itself
Abiotic Components of the Habitat
Nonliving physical phenomena
Latitude
Altitude
Soil
Disturbances
Climate
Habitat
set of conditions where an organism completes a life cycle
The Structure of Ecosystems
Species Composition
number and diversity of species that coexist in an ecosystem
Trophic Levels
Secondary Consumers (Carnivores)
Decomposers
Primary Consumers (Herbivores)
Primary Producers (Autotrophs)
Temporal Structure
Changes an ecosystem undergoes over time
Physiognomic Structure
The size of the organism and its relation to the environment
