Chapter 25: Populations and Ecosystems

Concepts

The Structure of Populations

Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats

The Structure of Ecosystems

Biotic Components of the Habitat

Abiotic Components of the Habitat

Age Distribution: Demography

r and K Selection

Geographic Distribution

Species Composition

Trophic Levels

Temporal Structure

Physiognomic Structure

Community

Ecosystem

Population

Individuals of the same species that stay together

All the populations of plants and animals together

The physical, nonliving environment of the community

Habitat

set of conditions where an organism completes a life cycle

Nonliving physical phenomena

Latitude

Altitude

Soil

Disturbances

Climate

Living Factors

Protists

Prokaryotes

Fungi

Animals

Other Plant Species

The plant itself

Clumped Distributions

Uniform Distribution

Random Distribution

Allelochemics

Allelopathy

Limiting Factor

no obvious pattern

Small or large space between plants

Orchards and Tree Plantations

The relative portion of young, middle, and old aged individuals

K Selections

R Selections

redwoods, douglas firs, bristle cone pines

annuals, small shrubby perennials

The size of the organism and its relation to the environment

Changes an ecosystem undergoes over time

number and diversity of species that coexist in an ecosystem

Secondary Consumers (Carnivores)

Decomposers

Primary Consumers (Herbivores)

Primary Producers (Autotrophs)

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