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Period Table Chapter 6 (Periodic Table (Groups 3-12 Transition…
Period Table Chapter 6
History of the Periodic Table
1970s Lavoisier
- List of 23 elements
1970
- 70 known elements
New scientific data with their discovery
John Newlands
1864: Law of Octaves
- Repeating pattern every 8 elements
1869
- Meyer and Mendeleev both made a connection between atomic mass and elemental properties
Built his table by atomic mass
Left blanks for undiscovered elements
1913
- Changed the periodic table to current arrangement (Ordered by atomic number of protons)
Periodic Law
- Statement that there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number.
Modern Day Period Table
Groups or Families
- Vertical columns
18 Groups
Period
Horizontal
7 Periods
2 Numbering System
- Number 1-8 and letters a & b (used in a different book)
Representative Elements
- Main group or tall groups
Transition Elements
- B rows or the middle rows (Numbering the rows 1-8)
Majority of the periodic table are metals!
Metals
Solids except Mercury (Hg)
Luster= Shiny
Malleable = Bendy
Ductile = Made into wire
Conductors of electricity and heat
Periodic Table
Group 1A
- Alkali Metals
Group 2A
- Alkaline Earth Metals
Groups 3-12
Transition Metals
Group 3-12, Period 6 & 7*
Inner Transition Metals
Group 3-20, Period 6
- Lantanide Series
Group 3-20, Period 7
- Actinide Series
Group 13
- Boron Group
Group 14
- Carbon Group
Group 15
- Nitrogen Group
Group 16
Chalcogens
Group 17
- Halogens
Group 18
- Noble Gases
Nonmetals
Some solids (Br-liquid), gas
Dull, Brittle, solid
Not conductors
Metaloids
Characteristics of metals and nonmetals
Semi Conductor- Conducts under specific conditions
Atomic Number
- The number of protons
Atomic Radius
- One-half (1/2) the distance between the nuclei of two atoms when the atoms join (size of atom)
Ionization
- Energy required to remove an electron from an atom, the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of element.
Halogens
- Reactive nonmetals