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Chemical Compounds in Cells (Elements in Compounds (Organic and Inorganic…
Chemical Compounds in Cells
Elements in Compounds
Elements
An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compounds
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compound
The smallest unit of many compounds is called a molecule
Organic and Inorganic Compounds
Some important groups of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Many compounds are in the food we eat
Compounds that don't contain carbon are inorganic
Table salt is an example
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
The information in DNA directs all the cells functions and is passed from offspring to offspring
RNA plays an important role in the production of proteins
Carbohydrates
A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
An example would be sugars and starches
Carbs are important components of some cell parts
Water and living things
Most chemical reactions within cells could not take place without water
Water helps cells keep their size and shape
Lipids
Fats, oils, and waxes are all lipids
Lipids contain more energy then carbs
Cell membranes are made mostly of lipids
Proteins
Structure of proteins
Protein molecules are made up of amino acids
The types of amino acids and the order in which they are linked determine the type of protein they form
Functions of proteins
Proteins form part of cell membranes
Proteins known as enzymes take part in chemical reactions that take place in a cell
An enzyme is a type of protein the speed up a chemical reaction in a living thing