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Endocrine System (Endocrine organs (Anterior Pituitary (GH aka…

- - - - Thyroid gland
        
        regulate release of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland
    - - Females: regulate mammary gland growth & breast milk production
        Males: influence sensitivity of interstital cells in testes
    - - regulate hormone synthesis by the gonads, production and maturation of gametes
    - - stimulates growth and mitosis of most body cells (specifically skeletal and muscular systems)
      - IGF-1 and IGF-2
        
        stimulate growth at ephyseal plates of long bones
    - - acts on melanocytes to stimulate melanin synthesis
    - - adrenal cortex
        
        release corticosteroids
  - - - Target: kidney &smooth muscle in arteriole walls
        
        stimulate reabsorption of water from tubular fluid in kidneys
        
        stimulate vasoconstriction in arterioles of body (raises blood pressure)
    - - Target: Females- uterus, mammary glands Males:smooth muscle of male reproductive tract
  - - - most body cells
        
        increase metabolism, oxygen use, growth, and energy use
        
        support and increase rate of development
    - - Target: bone, kidney
        
        reduce calcium levels in body fluids
        
        decrease bone reabsorption
        
        increase calcium loss through kidneys
  - - - increase calcium levls in blood
      - increase calcium absorption by small intestine in calcitriol
      - decrease calcium loss through the kidneys
  - - - prolong fight or flight response
  - - - regulate circadian rhythm
  - - - Target: kidney
        
        regulate electrolyte compositionand concentration
    - - elevate blood glucose levels during long term stress situations
      - stimulate body to use fats/ proteins for energy
    - - gonads
- - - - Target: Corticotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
        
        Increase secretion of ACTH
    - - Target: Gonadotropic cells in anterior pituitary
        
        Increases secretion of FSH and LH
    - - target: somatotropic cells in anterior pituitary
        
        Increase secretion of GH
    - - Target: mammotropic cells in anterior pituitary
        
        Increases secretion of prolactin
    - - Target: thyrotropic cells in anterior pituitary
        
        Increase secretion of TSH
  - - - promote calcium absoption in small intestin
    - - stimulates erythrocyte production/ maturation
  - - - target: liver, adipose cells
        
        increase blood glucose levels
        
        increase glycogen breakdown
        
        increase lipid breakdown
    - - target: liver, body cells
        
        decrease glucose levels in body fluids
        
        decrease glucose transport into target cells
        
        promote glycogen and lipid formation and storage
    - - target: alph and beta cells of pancreatic islets
        
        slow insulin and glucagon release
    - - Target: delta cells of pancreatic islets
        
        suppress somatostatin secretion from delta cells
  - - - stimulate and promote differentiation, growth, maturation of T- lymphocytes
  - - - controls overall secretory activity/ motility in GI tract
  - - - stimulate male reproductive organ development
      - produce sperm
    - - inhibits secretion of FSH
  - - - stimulate development of female reproductive orgnas
      - stimulate follicle maturation
      - regulate mestrual cyle
      - stimulates growth of mammary glands
    - - regulates menstrual cycle
      - stimulate uterine lining growth
      - stimulate mammary gland growth
    - - inhibits FSH secretion