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Chapter 15 (Lecture 5 (Gloves (must be changed after contact with a…

- - - - originates within the body
      - metabolic disorders, congenital abnormalities, tumors
    - - Originates outside of the body
      - radiation, chemical agents, trauma, electric shock, and temperature extremes
    - - Acquired in a health care facility
      - carried to patient form healthcare worker
      - many are antibiotic resistant
      - staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and enterocicci
    - - infection that occurs when body defences are down
      - does not occur in normal immune systems
      - kaposis saccoma, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
  - - - hand washing
      - personal hygiene
      - disposable gloves
      - cleaning equipment
      - cleaning environment
- - - - non pathogen
    - - pathogen
    - - Most prefer warm environment
      - Most prefer darkness
      - Need food and moisture
      - Need for oxygen varies
      - Human body is ideal
    - - Bacteria
        
        One-celled organisms
        
        Multiple rapidly
        
        Classified by shape
        
        Cocci
        
        round
        
        in pairs, chains, clusters
        
        gonorrhea,meningitis,pneumonia,strep throat,rheumatic fever,boils,UTI,wound infections
        
        Bacilli
        
        rod
        
        TB,tetanus,pertussis,botulism,diphtheria and typhoid
        
        Spirilla
        
        spiral
        
        syphilis and cholera
      - Fungi
        
        Plant like
        
        Yeast and Molds
        
        can be pathogneic
        
        ringworm, histoplasmosis, yeast vaginitis, and thrush
        
        Anti-fungal medication can only kill
      - Rickettsiae
        
        Parasitic
        
        can not live outside the cell of another living organism
        
        transmitted by fleas, lice, ticks, mites, etc.
        
        diseases include: typhus fever abd rocky mountain spotted fever
        
        antibiotics effective
      - Viruses
        
        smallest
        
        hardest to kill
        
        must be inside another living cell to reproduce
        
        spread by blood and body secretions
        
        causes: SARS, measles, mumps, common cold, herpes, warts, chicken pox, WNV
        
        infection of animals spread to humans
        
        SARS
        
        WNV
        
        Monkey pox
        
        Ebola and Marburg
        
        H5N1
  - - - MRSA
      - VRE
      - MCRAB
      - CRE
  - - - malaria, amebic dysentery, trichomonas and african sleeping sickness
- - - - before touching a patient
      - before a clean or aseptic procedure
      - after body fluids exposure
      - after touching a patient
      - after touching a patient's surroundings
    - - alcohol-based gel, lotion, and foam
      - use if not contaminated with blood or body fluids
      - apply to the palms and rub vigorously after should wash hands with soap and water
  - - - update annual
      - record blood or potentially infectious materials
      - Hepatitis B vaccines free of charge
      - personal protective equipment
        
        Gloves,gowns,lab coats,masks, and face sheilds
- - - - person to person and affects large numbers
    - - spread over a wide geographic area
- - - - Microorganism with charicteristics suitable for bioterrorism
        
        inexpensive, available, easily produced, spreads quickly
        
        maintains its survival
        
        brings death or disability
        
        travels form person to person
        
        difficult to prevent
    - - can live in soil
      - exposure thru skin, eating under cooked meat, or inhaling
      - inhalation causes 80% of deaths
    - - bacteria
      - transmitted through bites of infected fleas, rats, rock squirrels, prairied dogs, and chipmunks
      - can spread to lungs and blood which will cause death
    - - paralytic illness resulting form a nerve toxin
      - caused by eating, toxin in a wound, or occurs in infants who eat the spores
    - - disease caused by bacteria
      - get it though bights of animals, drinking contaminated water, breathing in bacteria
      - found in rats, rabbits, and insects
    - - hemorrhagic fever
        
        Ebola and Marburg virus
      - 50-90% if victims die
  - - - no effect on spores or viruses
      - are bernadine or alcohol
    - - no effect on spores or viruses
      - irritate skin
- - - - it is to hold items that need to stay sterilized for a while
      - up to 30 days of sterilization
    - - it needs to be loaded right so all parts can be sterilized
      - the steam starts on the top then moves down , it pushes the cold dry air out the bottom of the chamber
    - - get up to 320-350 degrees F
      - good for instruments like knives and blades
      - no rubber or it will melt
    - - does not kill spores or viruses
      - not to sterilize
      - submerge object for 10 hours in solution let it dry on a sterile surface after rinsing it in sterile water
    - - helps lead up to sterilization
      - removes dirt,debris,blood,saliva and tissues form large variety of instruments
      - millions of microscopic bubbles in a cleaning solution hit an article and they explode.
      - Not sterilizing
    - - sterile objects must never touch non-sterile objects or they will have to be re-sterilized
      - never reach across go from the sides
      - never turn your back
      - avoid coughing,sneezing, or talking
      - keep sterile field in constant view
      - be honest and alert
      - if anything gets wt it is no longer sterile
    - - used for gauze pads, dressing and small items
      - wrapping is partially opened and then held upside down over the sterile field
      - do not touch the skin, or the inside of the wrapping
    - - used for bowls,drapes, linen and other similar items
      - the wrapping is opened and its loos ends are grassed around the writs with the opposite hand
    - - used for cotton balls small items or articles that cannot be removed by the mitten technique; sterile gloves or sterile forceps are used
      - forceps need to be pointed in a downward direction
      - sterile gloves are considered to be contaminated onthe inside and sterile on the outside