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SOCIOLINGUISTICS -the stud y of the relationship between language and…
SOCIOLINGUISTICS -the stud y of the relationship between language and society
the study of social dialects (
sociolect
) has been mainly concerned with speakers in towns and citie
certain features of language use are treated as relevant in the analysis of social dialects
pronunciations
words or structures that are regularly used in one form by one class speakers and in another form by another class speakers
the linguistic variable:
Speech style
is considered as a social feature of language use
A change from one to the other by an individual is called
style-shifting
speech style is used to emphasize social distance between speakers, the process is called
divergence
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Culture
is a broad and comprehensive concept that includes all the ways of being
Cultures have several
components:
values
behavioural styles
language and dialects
nonverbal communication
The concept of ‘ethnicity'
Hutchinson and Smith (1996)
:!!:Ethnicity is defined by group membership based on genealogy, national origin, and ancestry
Ethnicity
does not change
, even through characteristics of a specific ethnic group’s culture may change
LANGUAGE AND GENDER
Although the biological distinction (“male, female”) underlies the social distinct ions (“father, mother”), there is a great deal about the social roles of individuals as men or women that is unrelated to biology
We inherit a gendered culture
the concept of “same-gender”
LANGUAGE CHOICE IN BILINGUAL COMMUNITIES
Many studies of language use in bilingual communities have been concerned with the habitual language choices made by speakers
in practice certain languages tend to be associated with certain contexts (with certain settings, topics, groups of interlocutors, and so on).
Proper’ usage
seems to refer to the usage that would be expected in particular contexts.
A variety of social changes (migration, invasion and conquest, industrialisation) have been associated with a process termed
language shift