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Type II Diabetes (Use the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Has…

- - - - National Health Interview Survey
        Diabetes question changed:
        1980-1996 Asked if in past 12 mo the or any family member had diabetes
        1997-latest NHIS Asked whether health profession told them they had diabetes. Exclude gestational diabetes. Parents of sample children were asked whether their child had diabetes
        AND
        Proxy respondents who tend to under report disease were no longer used in the survey
        
        Surveys and databases
        used by US Diabetes Surveillance System cannot distinguish between types of diabetes. Because type II accounts for 90-95% of cases the trends for type II are going to be similar
        
        For American Indian/Alaska Native
        Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnostic codes 250.0-250.93.
        Considered to have diabetes if they had at least 2 visits with an ICD 250 diagnosis code reported during 2015
        
        Use an A1C tes (best)t
        Also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test
        Measures your blood sugar in the past 3 months
        Used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes
        When sugar enters blood stream it attaches to hemoglobin (protein in red blood cells) and this test measures percentage of red blood cells that have sugar (coated)
        (everyone has some sugar attached to their hemoglobin)
        
        Fasting Blood Sugar Test
        Measures blood sugar after an overnight fast. A fasting blood sugar level of 99 mg/dL or lower is normal
        Anything between 100-125 indicates prediabetes
        126+ indicates diabetes
        
        Glucose Tolerance Test
        This measures blood sugar before and after you drink a liquid that contains glucose. You'll fast overnight and have blood drawn to determine fasting blood sugar level
        Then drink liquid and have blood checked 1 then 2 and maybe 3 hours afterward. At 2 hours, blood sugar level of 140 or lower is considered normal. 140-199 indicates prediabetes and 200+ indicates diabetes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Risk Factors
        Adults over age 45
        If under 45, but are overweight and have one or more risk factors for prediabetes
        Results come normal but are over 45, have risk factors, or have ever had gestational diabetes repeat A1C every 3 years
        If results show you have prediabetes, repeat test every 1-2 years and work on improving health with doctor
        No symptoms but test shows you have prediabetes or diabetes, get second test on a different day to confirm
        If test shows you have diabetes, ask doctor to refer you to diabetes self-management education and support services so you can have the best start in managing diabetes
        If have diabetes,,,take test 2 time per year
        Take sample of blood from finger stick or arm
        Normal level is below 5.7%; 5.7-6.4% prediabetes, and higher more likely to get diabetes
        
        People who reported having
        diagnosed diabetes were then asked at what age they were diagnosed
        If difference was less than 1
        If difference was between 1 and 2 years the person was weighted as half a newly diagnosed case
        Obesity and BMI was derived from self-report of weight and height
        If physically inactive were asked if during past month they participated in physical activities other than regular job
- - - - more than HS: 4578 and 3991
        HS: 6858 and 5093
        less than HS: 11605 and 6942
        
        Total: 30.3 million people have diabetes in the US
        23.1 million are diagnosed and 7.2 million are undiagnosed
        
        Overall prevalence was
        higher among non-Hispanic black (12.7%) and people of hispanic ethnicity (12.1%)
- - - - 2013-2015 and ages 18+
        Asian, non-Hispanic: 6.0 per 1,000
        Black, non-HIspanic: 9.0 per 1,000
        Hispanic: 8.4 per 1,000
        White, non-Hispanic: 5.7 per 1,000
        
        Less than HS: 10.4 per 1,000
        High School: 7.8 per 1,000
        More than high school: 5.3 per 1,000