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UNIT 3 APUSH (Chapter 9-11) (Chapter 10 (Washington becomes president and…
UNIT 3 APUSH (Chapter 9-11)
Chapter 9
Articles of Confederation
1781
WEAK GOVT. + LACK OF CONTROL
THIS SCARES PEOPLE AS IT PROVES THAT THE GOV’T IS WEAK (no militia to stop the rebels but instead privately funded militia)
Annapolis Convention (1788):
Lead to
Constitutional Convention
men rewrote articles and created a stronger central gov’t. This includes the great compromise
Rodger Sherman’s Great Compromise
Virginia Plan
bicameral
based on Pop. Size
Since there could be rep. based on population. The south created the
3/5th Compromise
, which allowed slaves to count as 3/5 of a person. Boosting the reps. In the south.
New Jersey Plan
unicameral
Equal rep.
Bicameral Legislature
Upper house (senate) 2 per state
Lower house (House of reps) based on population.
Shay’s Rebellion:
Daniel Shay
Oraganized a rebellion in MA. w/ Farmers Demanding lower taxes, pay, paper money, end foreclosures, etc.
Foreign Policy Problems
UK left forts
Spain blocked trade (MI River)
France demands repayments
Barbary pirates harass ships
Land Ordinances (northwest - 1784)
Helped Debts
Established states
prioritized public edu.
banned slavery north of Ohio river
After independence, the states had to develop their own
Constitution
Chapter 10
Constitution
was released in 1789. And population was growing
fast
Bill of Rights
amendments posed by either 2/3 of states or both houses of congress. By James Madison, he also created Judiciary Act (1789) which organized the supreme court.
The first chief of justice was John Jay.
Washington
becomes president and established a cabinet...
Secretary of state: Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of war: Henry Knox
Hamilton
Establishes the United States bank
Excise tax of goods especially whiskey
Funding at par which pays debts at face value w/ interest
Assumption of State debts
Tariffs to encourage local market + pay debt
Favored elites so they'd fund the gov't
Whisky Rebellion
: Penn. farmers rebelled against excise tax on whiskey (1794) reminding many of the stamp-act days
Bank of America
fought over between Hamilton and
Jefferson
creating political divide. Hamilton won, establishing it in 1791.
DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS EMERGE W/ JEFFERSONIAN IDEAS
1789-
french revolution
began
Jeffersonians supported the french
America was scared that their
Franco-American Alliance
would rope them into war
G.W.
issues the
Neutrality Proclamation (1793)
this helped America send food to France w/o war ties.
Britain acts up, to avoid war,
Jays treaty:
forcing UK to pay for damage to US, leave forts (treaty of Paris) in exchange with refusing help to France (food trade).
In 1795...
the Pinckney treaty:
Spain returns MI and NO, etc.
Washington leaves in second term publishing his
farewell address
G.W.’s VP (
John Adams
) becomes president.
v. federalist
refused council
ill-tempered
Quasi War w/ France:
(1798-1800) France attacked American ships which would only be stopped w/ bribery (XYZ affair), Adams made the
navy
, to fight small wars with France at sea.
convention of 1800:
(established
peace
w/ France and dropped old treaty)
Alien law:
deport foreigners who disrupt peace
Sedition acts:
impeding policies/ defaming reps were punishable (FoSpeech)
XYZ affairs:
3 men demanded bribes from Adams to talk to Talleyrand.
Debates over ratification continue to grow.
federalists: Supporters of Constitution.
anti-Federalists: favored state gov’t, worried of Constitution.
Bill of Rights
convinces many Anti-feds to support ratification.
Federalist papers:
essays by James Madison, Hamilton, + John Jay to support the Constitution.
Chapter 11
Jefferson
b/cm president in 1800 w/ peace (no more feds)
Judiciary Act
(1801) maintained fed power w/ new positions (midnight appts.)
William Marbury
sued the Sec. of State (James Madison) for refusing to deliver commission leading to the
Marbury v. Madison
case of 1803.
Aaron Burr:
VP of TJ only in 1st term
joins rad. Feds. To try to secede NE
Hamilton defeats Burr in election + decides to dual him
Burr killed Hamilton (1804).
Making
Judicial Review
where Sup.C. Has the power to declare fed. Laws as unconstitutional; increasing judicial power and fed power overall.
Louisiana Purchase
doubles the size of the US supporting TJ’ agrarian society (
farmers
)
avoided French threat + weak’d feds.
TJ hires
Lewis (personal secretary) and Clark (army officer)
to explore the new land; starting land claims of Oregon + Pacific territory.
TJ violates neutrality w/
Impressment:
forced Americans into UK navy.
UK iss. Orders in council (06’) stating ships must stop in UK first for EU trade (avoid French attacks.
Chesapeake Leopard affair 07’:
UK ship (leopard) attacked US ship (Chesapeake) off coast of Va. killing 3 US + forcing 4 to join UK Navy. TJ replied w/
Embargo act of 07’
which banned US trade w/ ALL nations (killing the US economy) eventually TJ repeals it...
James Madison
becomes president in 1809.
creates
non-intercourse act
allowing US to trade w/ All nations except France + England
later replaced w/
Macon’s Bill No.2:
US ends embargo if the country respected neutrality, France later broke this...
War Hawks
= members of congress against war w/ UK (wanting to end harassment, native resistance, own canada). Henry Clay (KY) was one of them.
Shawnee bros. Tecumseh + “the prophet” org. A confed. Of tribes E. Of MI. River (resistance). William Henry Harrison org. An army + attacked them at
battle of Tippecanoe
(1811). This b/cm a win for
westward expansion
eventually leading to the war of 1812...
UK arming natives
UK violates US neutrality
Desire for more land
-Dem-R favors france