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She Wolves (Mary (Mary fled to Framlingham, following a message that…
She Wolves
Mary
Mary fled to Framlingham, following a message that Northumberland was planning on arresting her (to secure Jane's position). Her cousin Charles V was a key ally abroad.
Mary was determined she would be Queen, and wrote to noblemen across the country to ask for their help. She received the aid of 10,000+ men, which shocked Northumberland.
19th July - Mary was proclaimed Queen. The public's reaction was much more positive to this. Mary soon ordered the execution of the Duke of Northumberland, but simply imprisoned Lady Jane Grey.
During the first year of her reign, the question of who Mary would marry dominated. Mary was 37 when she came to the throne, and wanted a Catholic heir, so needed to marry quickly
Many of Mary's subjects wanted Mary to marry an Englishman, and the leading candidate (suggested by her Parliament) was Edmund Courtenay, but Mary refused.
Mary wanted to marry somebody with an equal status to her, which meant they would have to be a foreigner. Mary's initial thought was her cousin Charles V, but he was old and very ill. Instead, she married his son, Phillip (aged 27), thus leading to an alliance with Spain.
February 1554, 3,000 rebels, led by Thomas Wyatt, marched on London in attempt to remove Mary and place Elizabeth on the throne. The rebellion did fail, but ultimately led to Lady Jane Grey's execution.
Amendments were made to ensure Phillip would not claim the throne after the death of Mary. 28th November 1554, it was announced that Mary was pregnant, but this turned out to be a phantom pregnancy. A few years later, Mary once again announced she was pregnant, but this again turned into a phantom pregnancy.
In 1554, Mary reinstated heresy laws and over the next 4 years, almost 280 protestants were burned to death. She was desperate to undo Edward's protestant reforms, and ensure Elizabeth wouldn't be able to continue a protestant regime when she became Queen
England was drawn into war with the French, and England also lost Calais. In Summer 1558, a flu epidemic spread across England and in Autumn (7th November), Mary died of this flu.
Elizabeth
15th January 1559, Elizabeth was crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey, and the public approved of her becoming sovereign.
When Elizabeth came to the throne, people questioned whether she would be married, and what the religion of England would turn out to be. Many believed the two questions went hand in hand.
One marriage candidate, was Mary's widow, Philip of Spain. The Crown Prince of Sweden, and a small number of English noblemen were all possible candidates. After a few weeks of ascending to the throne, Mary was still not married.
Elizabeth's parliament asked that she married and produced a male heir soon, to secure her dynasty and the future of England. Elizabeth was only 25, so had more time than Mary to find a suitable heir. April 1559, Philip became impatient and remarried.
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In Summer 1588, a Spanish fleet was sent by Philip, and threatened to invade. This was because Philip had failed to maintain Catholicism in England. Aged 54, Elizabeth had no male counterpart to fight for her. Elizabeth showed extreme determination, and went out to fight herself. The armada was shipwrecked due to a storm, and led to England's victory.
February 1603, Elizabeth became incredibly ill, but refused to name an heir and make a will. 24th March 1603, Elizabeth died and with her died the Tudor dynasty. James VI was told he was now King of England and would now begin a new dynasty - the Stewarts
Lady Jane Grey
6th July 1553, Edward VI died, and for the first time in English history, there was no male heir to the throne. All the noblemen around Edward did not believe a woman was fit to rule as Queen.
Edward had two half-sisters (Mary and Elizabeth) as well as seven cousins but they were all female. Mary and Elizabeth were both Catholic, and Mary worried that faith would usurp bloodline - she was correct.
Edward was adament he would not let England swing back to Catholicism and so wrote 'my device for the line of succession' in an attempt to stop Mary taking the throne. Edward found a loophole in his father's succession will - as Henry had deemed both Mary and Elizabeth as illegitimate. Edward therefore decided heirs must be legitimate, and also must be Catholic (thus ruling out Mary, Elizabeth and his cousin Mary Queen of Scots). Henry's younger sister, Francis Grey had three daughters, who were all Protestant
Edward was determined to not have a woman take the throne, and initially wrote the succession for any sons the three Grey women may have, but there was no time for this to happen before Edward's death. He therefore changed the succession again, and made Lady Jane (and any of 'her males') to become the heir to the throne.
Northumberland ensured Edward's death was kept a secret for three days, before Lady Jane Grey was summoned and told she was to be Queen of England. Northumberland's son (Guilford) was married to Lade Jane Grey and he expected his son to become King, but she did not want this incase it made her position unstable. She would only allow him to become a Duke.