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Dominic luster Central nervous system (Spinal cord (Filum terminale…
Dominic luster Central nervous system
Cerebellum
Cerebellar function: Smooth and coordinate body movement with help of the cerebral cortex. Maintains posture and equilibrium.
Cerebellar peduncles
Middle
Connects the pons to the cerebral cortex
Inferior
Connects the medulla to the cerebellum
Superior
Connects the cerebellum and cerebral cortex through the mid-brain
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus: Several nuclei
Main visual control, controls autonomic in brain stem, regulates temperature, hunger, thirst. Involved in the formation of memory.
Epithalamus
The third most dorsal part, forms the roof of third ventricle, consists of brain nuclei and the pineal gland
Pineal gland: Secretes melatonin signals the body to go to sleep.
Thalamus: Several nuclei
All sensory info on the way to the cortex passes through this structure.
Relay station: There can be an amplification or toned down signal.
Cerebrum
Cerebral lobes
Parietal
Deep to the parietal bone and and extends from the central sulcus to the parieto-occipital sulcus.
Frontal
Located deep to the frontal bone, and fills the anterior cranial fossa.
Temporal
Located deep to the temporal bones and lies in the middle cranial fossa.
Occipital
Lies deep to the occipital bone and makes up the most posterior portion of the cerebrum.
Central sulcus
A shallow groove that separated the Frontal and Parietal lobes of the brain.
Postcentral gyrus
Contains the primary somatosensory cortex, and located posterior to the central sulcus.
Precentral gyrus
Contains the primary motor cortex, and located anterior to the central sulcus.
Wernicke's area
Allows us to understand speech, name objects, read words.
Broca's area
Controls motor movements for speech.
Tracts
Association fibers
Connects parts of the same hemisphere.
Projection fibers
Sensory info (PNS) ascending to the cortex, and motor signals from cortex descending to spinal cord.
Commissural fibers
Connects one hemisphere to the other.
Brain stem
Pons
The middle portion of the brain stem composed of pyramidial motor tract to spinal cord.
Medulla oblongata: control center
Cardiac center (heart), vasomotor center (blood pressure), respiratory center (breathing rate)
Mid Brain
Associated with vision, hearing, motor control, and temperture regulation. And is the most superior part of the brain stem.
Spinal cord
Filum terminale
Connective tissue that connects with the coccyx, and anchor, starts at L1 or L2
Anterior root
Contain visceral motor (autonomic) neurons, and somatic motor neurons
Cauda equina
Horse tail portion of spinal cord
posterior root
Contains interneurons receiving input from somatic sensory neurons and visceral sensory neurons.
Conus medullaris
Where the spinal cord tapers.
Spinal nerve
The ventral (anterior0 and dorsal (posterior) roots come together to make a spinal nerve.
CNS protection
Epidural space
Is filled with cushioning fat and a network of veins, anesthetics are often injected into this space.
Dural sinuses
Collect blood from the brain and conduct it to the large internal jugular veins of the neck.
Meninges
Arachnoid matter:
Middle of the three layers that surrounds the brain and spinal cord situated between the pia and dura matter.
Pia matter
Fibrous connective tissue, very vascular: capillary rich.
Denticulate ligaments
Anchor the spinal cord laterally to the dura matter.
Dura matter: Tough dense fibrous C.T.
Perosteal layer
Attahces to the internal surface of the skull bones
Meningeal layer
Forms the external covering of the brain.
Subarachnoid space
Holds the arachnoid matter to the pia matter, filled with cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels.