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Central nervous system Gillian Maxson (Spinal Cord (Filum terninale (Long…
Central nervous system
Gillian Maxson
Cerebrum
Lobes
Frontal
respondsible for voluntary movement, the planning of movement, eye movement
Broca’s Area- area of muscle control that creates speech
Parietal
Wernickes Area- spot where understanding speech occurs
Spatial awareness and general somatic sensations
Temporal
Responsible for hearing, smelling and object identification
Limbic system- memory formation and emotional responses
Occipital
Visual cortex and association area
Insula
Gustatory responses
Gyri
Pre central Gyrus
Primary motor cortex
Controls major motor functions
Post central Gyrus
Somatosensory cortex
Has contralatteral projection
Touch, pressure, vibration, pain and temperature
Tracts
Association
Horizontal
Connects different paths of same hemisphere
Commissural
Horizontal
Crosses from one side of the central nervous system to the other
Projection
Vertical
Ascends from caudal regions to central nervous system
Descends from central nervous system to caudal region of body
Diencephalon
Thalamus
12 major nuclei
Relays and changes frequency of nerve impulses to aid in focus
Hypothalamus
12 Nuclei that control the body
Control autonomic nervous system
Regulation of body temperature
Regulation of hyunger and thirst
Regulation of sleep/wake cycles
Controls endocrine system
Control of emotional response
Control of motivational behavior
Formation of memory
Epithalamus
1 group of nuclei
Small unpaired knob- pineal gland
Brain Stem
Midbrain
Relays sensory impulses from pons to higher parts of the central nervous system
Pons
Forms ventral bridge between brain stem and cerebellum
Medulla oblongota
Pyramidal tracts in which all nerves run through on their way to the cerebellum
Creates functions of autonomic nervous system responses
Cerebellum
Cauliflower shaped at base of cerebrum
Smooths and coordinates body movement
Cerebellar peduncles
Superior
Connects cerebellum to midbrain
Carries efferent signals toward the cerebral cortex
Middle
Connects pons to cerebellum
Carries efferent signals from cerebral cortex to the cerebellum
Inferior
Gets signals from medulla
Carries afferent signals from spinal cord into cerebellum
Spinal Cord
Conus medularis
Inferior end of tapered spinal cord
Cauda equina
Collection of nerve roots at inferior end of spinal cord
Filum terninale
Long filaments of connective tissue
Anchors spinal cord in place
Spinal nerve roots
Anterior root
Ventral
Efferent motor root of a spinal nerve
Posterior root
Dorsal
Transmits sensory information
Afferent sensory root of a spinal nerve
CNS Protection
Meninges
Dura mater
Tough dense fibrous connective tissue
Perosieteal layer near bone of skull
Deeper meningeal layer
Tough mother
Arachnoid mater
Spider mother
Spider like blood vessels with cerebral spinal fluid
Pia mater
Very thin very vascular layer
Right on cortex
Gives cerebrum pinkish color
Full of capillaries
Thin mother
Subarachnoid space
Holds a thin layer of fluid
Cerebral spinal fluid
Makes brain and spinal cord buoyant
Found in both brain and spinal cord
Epidural space
Not around brain
Filled with fat
Dural sinus
Space around brain and brain stem
Filled with oxygen poor blood