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Acids Alkalies and Titrations (pH (pH can be measured in Several ways (The…
Acids Alkalies and Titrations
pH
The lower it is the more acidic it is
The higher the pH is the more Alkaline it is
Distilled water has a pH of 7 (neutral)
pH can be measured in Several ways
The most common way is universl indicator this can be either a liquid or abosorved in a paper.
These change colour according to the strength of the acid or alkali
Acids
All Acids contain Hydrogen
when acids react, the hydrogen is replaced,
when the Hydrogen is replaced by a metal, the compound is called a salt.
Whne acids are in water the hydrogen atoms an break away and form hydrogen ions.
When measuring pH, the amount of hydrogen ions is actually being measured.
this is why the 'H' in pH is a capital letter
If the acid is less reactive than hydrogen on the reactivity series then it wont react with dilute acids.
Metals above hydrogen react to produce hydrogen gas
The higher the metal on the reactivity scale, the more vigorous the reaction.
Bases
Some bases dissolve in water to form solutions containing hydroxide ions. These are Alkalis.
alkalis in water often break a part to thier core compones
this is shown when sodium hydroxide comes into contact with water. it forms sodium and Hydroxide
Some metal oxides do this this reaction if they are soluable in water
This is true for all of the group 1 metal oxides
other metals do not do this. however calcium dissolves lightly to form calcium hydroxide.
soluablity of ionic compounds in water
All nitrates are soluble
All sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble
Titration
Titration is used to follow the course of neutilisation reactions.
It can be used to find out just how much acide is needed to nutrise an alkali or vice versa.
It also allows the user to be slow with the amount of acid they put in as to not over tip the delicate pH balance at the end of neutralisation reaction.