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Concept Map 3-The Court (The Structure of Courts (Trial courts of limited…

- - - - Holding a neutral stance when overseeing the contest between the prosecution and the defense.
    - - The deals and decisions that the judges must create and decide upon outside of the eyes of the public.
    - - The judges job to oversee and manage the courthouse.
  - - - An election in which candidates openly affiliated with political parties are presented to voters for selection.
    - - An election in which candidates' party affiliations are not listed on the ballot
    - - A reform plan by which judges are nominated by a committee and appointed by the governor for a given period. When the term expires, the voters approve or disapprove the judge for a succeeding term. If the judge is disapproved, the committee nominates a successor for the governor's appointment.
- - - - Prosecutors who see their main function in this light believe that they should reflect the views of law enforcement in the courtroom and take a crime-fighter stance in public.
    - - These prosecutors believe that their main function is to give legal advice so that arrest will stand up in court.
    - - Such prosecutors believe that their main function is to enforce the rules of due process to ensure that the police act according to the law and uphold the rights of defendants.
    - - These prosecutors may be most responsive to public opinion. The political impact of their decisions is one of their main concerns.
- - - - An attorney in private practice assigned by a court to represent an indigent. The attorney's fee is paid by the government with jurisdiction over the case.
    - - An attorney in private practice who contracts with the government to represent all indigent defendants in a county during a set period of time and for a specified dollar amount.
    - - An attorney employed on a full-time salaried basis by a public or private nonprofit organization to represent indigents.
- - - - Going Rate-Local court officials' shared view of the appropriate sentence for a given offense, the defendant's prior record, and other case characteristics.
      - Continuance- An adjournment of a scheduled case until a later date.
- - - - Before a judge may accept a plea of guilty, defendants must state that they are making the plea voluntarily.
    - - criminal defendants' sixth amendment right to counsel includes protection against ineffective assistance of counsel in the plea bargaining process, such as defense attorneys' failures to inform their clients about plea bargain offers.
    - - A plea of guilty by a defendant who maintains his or her innocence may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentance
    - - Defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences
    - - A defendant's right are not violated by a prosecutor who warns that refusing to enter a guilty plea may result in harsher sentence.