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PHILOSOPHY 2 (Philosophy of Science (• Science is a relatively ‘new’ term
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PHILOSOPHY 2
Philosophy of Science
• Science is a relatively ‘new’ term
• ‘Natural Philosophy’ used to concern all the philosophizing of all things in the natural realm
• ‘Science’ referred to all knowledge learnt
• Gradually the term ‘science’ changed to mean the body of knowledge
( theories, laws and empirical observation) gained through the scientific method.
• The scientific method is the empirical gathering of knowledge
through observation, generating hypotheses, gathering empirical data and updating the hypotheses
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Science
• Science has arguably proved to be one the most success methods of generating new knowledge
• But how do we actually generate the knowledge?
• And is the knowledge we generate actually ‘truth’?
• Some argue it works, and therefore it is truth
• Some argue it is only an approximation of the truth
Karl Popper
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• Karl Popper argued
• That scientific knowledge moved forward through falsification
• A number of hypothesis are created
• These hypothesis are critically tested with empirical data and rationale
• A number fail, leaving space for new hypotheses or the remaining strong ones
• Knowledge could never be ‘positively justified’, only not falsified yet
• Any idea that cannot be falsified is not scientific
Thomas Kuhn
• Argued that science undergoes ‘paradigm shifts’.
• Science is not linear
• Proceeds by paradigm shifts
• Interspersed with ‘filling in the gaps’
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