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SangayThongpatsangCentralNervousSystem.pdf (Cerebrum (Tracts (Projection…
SangayThongpatsangCentralNervousSystem.pdf
Cerebrum
Frontal lobe
Contains functional areas that, plan, initiate and enact motor movements including eye movement, located deep to the frontal bone and fills anterior cranial fossa.
Parietal lobe
Processes sensory stimuli. Understanding of speech, spacial awareness of objects sounds and body parts. conscious awareness of general somatic senses.
Temporal lobe
Contains the auditory and olfactory (smell) cortex
Occipital lobe
Contains visual cortex, lies deep to the occipital bone
Pre-central gyrus
Contains the primary motor cortex that lies anterior to the central sulcus
Post-central gyrus
Contains the primary somatosensory cortex.
Brocas area
Left hemisphere, controls motor movements of speech
Wernicke's area
Enables us to understand speech, name objects and read words.. Left hemisphere.
Tracts
Projection
Carry information from cerebrum to rest of the body
Connect cortex to more caudal parts of the CNS
Commissural
Majority pass through corpus callosum
Tracts cross from one cerebral hemisphere to other hemisphere
Association
Connect different regions of the same hemisphere
Cerebellum
Functions
Control voluntary movement
role in muscle memory
refines movements when learning new motor skill
Motor memory
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Connects the cerebellum to the midbrain, carrying efferent instructions from cerebellum to cerebral cortex
Middle cerebellar peduncle
connects pons to cerebellum and carry efferent information from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum
inferior cerebellar peduncles
from the medulla and carry primarily afferent fibers from vestibular nuclei and from spinalcord into cerrebellum
CNS Protection
Dura mater
Strongest of the meninges
surrounds the brain, two layered sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue
arachnoid mater
attached to the inside of the dura and surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
pia mater
On the brain surface, layer of delicate connective tissue richly vascularized with blood vessels
subarachnoid space
deep to arachnoid membrane, weblike holds arachnoid mater to the underlying pia mater
epidural space
area between the dura mater and the vertebral wall, containing fat and small blood vessels
dural sinus
venous channels found between the endosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain.
Brain Stem
Midbrain
Important functions in motor movements, auditory and visual processing. Involved with the fight or flight response.
Pons
between midbrain and medulla oblongata.
involved in sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture.
Medulla oblongata
Helps regulate breathing, heart rate and blood vessel function.
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Makes up 80% of diencephalon. Relays information to the cerebral cortex and also processes the information as it passes though
Hypothalamus
Main visceral control center of the body,
Regulation of
Body temp
hunger and thrist
sleep-wake cycles
Control of
Endocrine system
emotional responses
Formation of memory
Epithalmus
Connects limbic system to others parts of brain.
Spinal Cord
conus medullaris,
Inferior end, cone of spinal cord.
cauda equina
Collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal
filum terninale
Long filament of connective tissue that extends from the conus medullaris and attaches to the coccyx, anchoring spinal cord in place
anterior root
allow motor neurons to exit spinal cord
posterior root
Allows sensory neurons to enter spinal cord