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Reasons for Government Collapse (1933) (Economy (economy 'went from…
Reasons for Government Collapse (1933)
Huge societal divisions
Meant at least 1 group will be left dissatisfied
they continued to polarize public opinion, increase tensions, strengthen opposition
Perceived failure of Azana's gov. from a group would make him seem ineffective/incapable of dealing w/ Spain's issues
reforms generated criticism from
extreme left e.g anarchists and PSOE (reforms did not go far enough to deal w/ socioeconomic problems)
conservative right (felt threatened and feared a 'Soviet' model)
Gov = weak and isolated
Political Setup
23 political parties at varying degrees of the political spectrum = not likely to agree on much, halting reforms
System favoured coalitions: Azana's republican action party relied on the Socialist party. They pulled out of the coalition, forcing general elections
fractured Cortes (series of resignations)
October 1931: Zamora and Miguel Maura resigned in protest of articles 26 & 27. Government processes are delayed, Gov = ineffective. Frustrating for many
Government reaction to uprisings
Left supporters disillusioned/dissatisfied. Gov. becomes the enemy
Made gov. seem oppressive, full of empty promises, loss of control,
Enabled opposition to attract supporters and become stronger at the expense of Azana by using these events as propaganda gold
Left wing votes = divided. Reduced chance at winning next election
Republican action party: representatives = 7
Socialist: representatives = halved
Government miscalculations
attacks on the church
April 1931, most catholics = willing to support
the adoption of anti-clerical laws alienated potential supporters
Azana's inflammatory remarks further polarized society + increased tensions
Segura urged Catholics to vote against the Gov. (saw it as out to destroy religion)
Traditional conservative forces
failed to reach a compromise
encouraged the organisation of right wing opposition
powerful, consisted of landowners, church, army
Economy
economy 'went from crisis to crisis'
great depression + debts of previous gov.
agriculturally focused. Economy = weak
meant gov. didn't have the necessary funds to support reforms
e.g Agrarian Reform Law of 1932, Sept. w/ budget of 50,000,000 (not enough, only settled 7,000 families)
Left Azana open to criticism from FNTT, Socialists, workers and farmers
resulted in growing frustration from those who had something to gain = losing support
Meanwhile, further alienated the right wing forces, property owners, ... = growing opposition