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Central Nervous System (Cerebrum (Frontal (Controls voluntary movement,…
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
Frontal
Controls voluntary movement, planning/thinking, memory, decision making
Parietal
Sensation and processes sensory stimuli, awareness of objects, sounds, body parts
Temporal
Location of primary auditory and olfactory cortex, recognition, memory, emotion response, and language
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Insula
Visceral sensation for ventral body contents, primary cortex for gustation, discomfort/pain
Precentral gyrus
Located in the frontal lobe, primary motor cortex, synapse motor neurons enable voluntary movement
Postcentral gyrus
Located in primary somatosensory cortex, receives info from skin, muscles, and joints, mechanoreceptors
Broca area
Located in frontal lobe (left hemisphere), controls motor movement of speech
Wernicke area
Located in temporal/parietal bone (left hemisphere), speech comprehension/production, name objects and read words
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Commissural
Take info. from one hemisphere to another, corpus cullosum
Projection
Sensory, afferent, ascending and descending fibers (axons)
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Several nuclei, all conscious sensory signals (except olfaction)
Hypothalamus
Several nuclei, visceral control center, control of autonomic nervous system
Epithalamus
Contains pineal gland, which secretes melatonin
Brain Stem
Medulla oblongata
Pyramid tract, reticular formation nuclei involved w/autonomic behavior - cardiovascular center, vasomotor center (blood pressure)
Pons
Pyramid tract, more sensory input than motor output
Midbrain
B/w diencephalon and pons, pairs cerebral peduncles ventrally
Cerebellum
Function
Equilibrium and posture, smooth and coordinate body movement, work w/other parts of brain
Superior C.P.
Connect cerebellum to midbrain, carry efferent instructions toward cerebral cortex
Middle C.P.
Connect pons to cerebellum, carry efferent info. into cerebellum
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Spinal Cord
Conus Medularis
Lower end, where the spinal cord taper into
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Filum Terminale
Long filament of connective tissue, attaches to the coccyx, anchoring the spinal cord in place
Anterior root
Efferent motor root of spinal nerve, travels to the dorsal root ganglion
Posterior root
Transmits sensory info, afferent sensory root of spinal nerve
CNS Protection
Dura Mater
Strongest of meninges, dense CT, forms the periosteal and meningeal layer
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Subarachnoid Space
Filled with cerebrospinal fluid, contains the largest blood vessels that supply the brain
Epidural Space
B/w dura mater and vertebral wall, containing small blood vessels and fat
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