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Central Nervous System (Cerebrum (Lobes (Frontal (Thinking, planning,…
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
Lobes
Frontal
Thinking, planning, decision making, memory, plan, initiate and produce voluntary movement
Parietal
Sensory awareness, process sensory information, process sensory stimulus, awareness of objects, sounds and body parts. Receives information about what’s happening in your environment and skin
Temporal
Primary auditory cortex, primary olfactory cortex, recognize objects, words and faces, language comprehension
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Insula
At lateral cortex, primary coretrx for gustation, general visceral senestaions
Gyrus
Precentral gyrus
Location of primary motor cortex, producing moment such as facial expressions, pyramidal neurons
Post central gyrus
Location of primary somato sensory cortex, receiving information from the skin, muscles and joints. Connected more to the hands
Bocca area
Motor speech area, located in frontal left hemisphere, controls motor movements of speech, production of speech
Wernickle area
Speech comprehension, located in the left hemisphere in temporal lobe, able to name viewed objects and read words from this area. Understanding of speech
Tracts
Association
Connects parts of the cortex, same hemisphere, never crosses over
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Projection
Descending fibers= axons, ascending fibers= axons
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Paired structures, join together, composed of many nuclei, all conscious sensory information travels through thalamus on its way to the cortex
Hypothalamus
In the center of your brain, several nuclei, very important, visceral motor control, keeps heart and digestive system running, control of autonomic nervous system, regulates sleep/wake cycles
Epithalamus
Has a nucleus, located in the pineal gland, between thalamus and cerebellum
Cerebellum
Functions
Smooth and coordinate our body movements with other parts of our brain such as equilibrium and posture. Mostly out voluntary movements
Peduncles
Superior
Connecting to the mid brain to cerebral cortex and cerebellum; need connection for communication with movement
Middle
Connecting pons, cerebrum to cerebellum through mid brain
Inferior
Proprioceptors, connecting medulla oblongata to cerebellum, afferent connection, from spinal cord to medulla to inferior peduncle to cerebellum
Spinal cord
Conus medullaris
Comes to a tapered end, ends at lumbar vertebra 1 or 2
Cauda equina
Translates to horses tail, surrounds/ comes off of the conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Little piece of connective tissue, stabilized spinal cord in the space
Anterior root
Composed of axons, visceral and somatic neurons, signals travel away from the spinal cord
Posterior root
Signals travel toward the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, axons of visceral and sensory neurons, where PNS meets CNS
Brain stem
Mid brain
responsible for motor movements, particularly of the eye, auditory and visual movements
Pons
Pyramidal tracts run through here, have middle cerebellar peduncle, reticular formation nuclei, parts of the brain stem involved with autonomic behaviors
Medulla oblongata
pyramidal tracts run through here, reticular formation nuclei with autonomic behaviors and respitory breathing center, cardiovascular center and vasomotor center
CNS protection
Meninges
Dura matter
Most Superficial layer, tough dense fibrous tissue, made of two layers, the periosteal layer ( closest to the bone) and the subdural layer (thin layer of fluid)
Arachnoid matter
Spidery web, subarachnoid space and blood vessels filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Pia matter
Gentle manner, Very thin, very vascular layer filled with capillaries, on the surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum
Spaces
Epidural space
Not among the brain, only in the spinal cord, filled with fat
Subdural space
Around the brain and spinal cord, deep to the Dura matter
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Dural sinuses
Blood filled spaces, oxygen poor blood, blood will return and eventually drain into the internal jugular vein