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Central Nervous System (Spinal cord (Conus medularis (End of spinal cord
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Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
Lobes
Frontal lobe
- Thinking, memory, behavior, and movement
Temporal lobe
- Hearing, learning, and feelings
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Broca and Wernicke areas
Broca areas
- Left inferior frontal gyrus
- Production of speech
Wernicke area
- Left posterior superior temporal gyrus
- Comprehension of speech
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Diencephalon
Thalamus
- Relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
- Above the brain stem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain
Hypothalamus
- Contains several small nuclei with a variety of functions
- Links to pituitary gland
Epithalamus
- Secretion of melatonin and hormones from pituitary gland by pineal gland
- Regulation of motor pathways and emotions
- Connect the limbic system to other parts of the brain
Brain stem
Midbrain
- Motor movement, particular movement of the eye and in auditory and visual processing
Pons
- Relay messages from the cortex and cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
- Center of respiration ad circulation
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Spinal cord
Conus medularis
- End of spinal cord
- End of T12 and beginning of L1;
sometimes between L1 and L2
Cauda equina
- Lower end of the spinal cord
- Send and receive messages to x
and from legs, feet, and pelvic organs
Filum terninale
- Delicate strand of fibrous tissue
- About 20 cm in length
- Proceeding downward from
the apex of the conus medullaris
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Posterior root
- The afferent sensory root
CNS protection
Three meninges
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Arachnoid mater
- In between the two other meninges
- Separate from pia by subarachnoid space
Pia mater
- Protects CNS by containing CSF
- The deepest layer of meninges
- Fibrous connective tissue
Subarachnoid space
- Interval between the arachnoid and pia mater
- Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Epidural space
- The area between dura mater and vertebral wall
- Containing fat and small blood vessels
- Outside dura sac; surrounding the nerve roots
- Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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- When meningeal portion of dura mater covers the spinal cord it is known as the dural sac or thecal sac.
- There is no periosteal portion of dura mater in spinal cord