JessicaNyquistCentralNervousSystem
Diencephalon
CNS Protection
Spinal Cord
Cerebrum
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Midbrain
Composed of gray matter
All sensory information is relayed through thalamus (except olfaction) travelling to cortex
Contains jelly-bean like nuclei
Regulates hunger & thirst
Regulates sleep & wake cycles
Regulates body temperature
A small group of brain nuclei
Pineal gland
Cauda Equina
Filum Terminale
Conus Medularis
Anterior Root
Posterior Root
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Occipital Lobe
Insula
Temporal Lobes
Pre-central Gyrus
Parietal Lobes
Post-central Gyrus
Frontal Lobe
Broca's Area
Wernicke Area
Association Tracts/Fibers
Commissural Tracts/Fibers
Projection Tracts/Fibers
Arachnoid Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Subdural Space
Pia Mater
Epidural Space
Dural Venous Sinuses
Dura Mater
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
Functions
Efferent pathway
Connects midbrain to cerebellum
Efferent pathway
Connects the pons to cerebellum
Afferent pathway
Connects the medulla oblongata to the cerebellum
Maintains posture & equilibrium
Smooths and coordinates body movements
Cranial nerve nuclei
Decussation of pyramids
Composed of gray matter
Reticular formation nuclei
Corpora quadrigemina
Cerebral peduncles
Periosteal portion
Meningeal portion
Dense fibrous C.T.
Transparent
Delicate layer of fibrous C.T. on surface of brain (clings tightly)
Delicate fibers
Connects arachnoid mater to pia mater
Small film of fluid
Contains adipose
Contains blood vessels
Form from separation of periosteal & meningeal layers of dura mater
Planning & initiating voluntary movement
Memory
Thinking, planning & decision making
Awareness of objects, sound & body parts
Conscious awareness of general somatic sensation
Receives & processes sensory information
Recognition of objects, words & faces
Language comprehension
Auditory cortex
Emotional response
Memory
Visual cortex
Vision
General visceral sensation (pressure, stretch, pain, discomfort)
Visceral sensory cortex (gustation)
Initiation of voluntary movement
Primary motor cortex
Body is consciously aware of these sensations
Primary somatosensory cortex
Stimulus: general senses
Olfactory cortex
Muscles
Joins
Skin
Motor speech area
Location: left hemisphere, anteriorly
Controls motor movements of speech
Location: typically in left hemisphere, posteriorly
Gives ability to name objects & read words
Speech decoder (enables understanding of speech)
Send messages within same hemisphere
Relatively short tracts
Send messages from one hemisphere to the other
Ex. Corpus Callosum
Run vertically from cerebral cortex to caudal portion of brain
Pathway: Cortex → Thalamus → Spinal cord
Longest tracts
Longer tracts
Tracts
White matter
Bundle of axons
Only in CNS
Can amplify of diminish sensory information
Interthalamic adhesions: a hole in 3rd ventricle
Controls endocrine system
Controls autonomic nervous system
Controls motivational behavior
Involved with emotion
Primary visceral control center
Breathing, heart rate
Food, sex
Involved in memory formation
Melatonin secretion (sleep preparation)
Stimulated by hypothalamus
Location: most dorsal portion of diencephalon
Involved with autonomic behaviors
Composed of pyramidal motor tracts
Take information from cerebrum to spinal cord
Inferior colliculi
Superior colliculi
Visual reflexes
Auditory reflexes
Sensory tracts
Cranial nerves connect to brain
Information crossing over from one side of brain to other
Ascending sensory information
Olfactory or optic cranial nerves do not pass through
Functions
Vasomotor center (blood pressure)
Respiratory center
Cardiac center
Other structures
Arbor Vitae: tree-like white matter
Vermis: in between cerebellar hemispheres
Priprioreceptive signals = equilibrium
Tapered end of spinal cord (at level of L1-L2)
Ending fibers of spinal cord
Fibrous C.T. anchoring spinal cord to coccyx
Carries motor signals
Carries sensory information
Deeper layer
Superficial layer: next to bone, not on spinal cord
Filled with CSF
Richly vascularized
Present in spinal cord
Where re-absorption of CSF takes place
Exist along fissures of brain