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Central Nervous System (Spinal Cord (Filum Terminale (Long Filament of…
Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
Lobes
Frontal Lobe
Location
Corresponds with frontal bone
Specialized Areas
Precentral Gyrus
Primary Motor Cortex
Motor homonculus
Pyramidal Neurons
Broca's Area
Speech Production
Muscle Movements in Speech
General Functions
Voluntary Movement
Eye Movement
Plan
Initiate
Executive Functioning
Decision Making
Thinking
Planning
Emotional Response
Parietal Lobe
Specialized Areas
Postcentral Gyrus
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
General Senses
Pressure
Touch
Pain
Vibration
Receptors
Skin
Muscle
Joints
Wernicke's Area
Speech Comprehension
Read Words
Named Viewed Objects
General Functions
Speech Comprehension
Sensory Awareness
Receive Sensory Stimuli
Awareness of Stimuli
Proprioception
Temporal Lobe
Specialized Areas
Wernicke's Area
Speech Comprehension
Primary Auditory Cortex
Hearing
Primary Olfactory Cortex
Smell
General Functions
Emotional Response
Memory
Object Identification
Language Comprehension
Occipital Lobe
Visual Cortex
Insula
Primary Gustatory Cortex
Taste
General Visceral Sensation
Discomfort
Pain
White Matter Tracts
Commissural Fibers
Connect Across Hemispheres
Corpus Callosum
Projection Fibers
Longest Fibers
Ascending
Sensory
Afferent
Descending
Motor
Efferent
Connect to more caudal parts of CNS
Spinal Cord
Association Fibers
Connect Parts of Same Hemisphere
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Structure
Paired
Several Nuclei
80% of Diencephalon
Interthalamic Adhesion
Function
Conscious Sensory Information
Special Senses
Not Olfaction
General Senses
Synapse on Way to Cortex
Amplify
Toned Down
Gateway to Cerebral Cortex
Hypothalamus
Main Function
Visceral Control Center
Autonomic Behaviors
Specific Functions
Control Autonomic Nervous System
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Regulate Body Temperature
Fever Induction
Regulate Hunger & Thirst
Blood Concentrations
Regulate Sleep/Wake Cycles
Pineal Gland
Control Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland
Control Emotional Responses
Limbic System
Pleasure
Rage
Fear
Control Motivational Behavior
Rewarding
Eating
Sex Drive
Memory Formation
Hippocampal Formation
Epithalamus
One Nuclei
Pineal Gland
Secretes Melatonin
Brain Stem
Midbrain
Cerebral Peduncles
Pyramidal Motor Tracts
Descending
To Spinal Cord
Corpora Quadrigemina
Superior Colliculi
Visual Reflexes
Inferior Colliculi
Auditory Reflexes
Pons
Pyramidal Motor Tracts
Pass Through
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
Cortex Connects to Cerebellum
Reticular Formation Nuclei
Autonomic Behaviors
Cranial Nerve Attachments
Trigeminal Nerve
CN V
Abducens Nerve
CN VI
Facial Nerve
CN VII
Medulla Oblongata
Reticular Formation Nuclei
Cardiac Center
Heartbeat
Vasomotor Center
Blood Pressure
Respiratory Center
Breating
Pyramids
Bulges of Pyramidal Tracts
Decussation of Pyramids
Crossover to Opposite Side
Cranial Nerve Attachments
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
CN VII
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
CN IX
Vagus Nerve
CN X
Hypoglossal Nerve
CN XII
Cerebellum
Function
Voluntary Motor Movement
Smooth and Coordinate Movements
Equilibrium
Posture
Cerebellar Peduncles
Superior
Cerebellum to Midbrain
Efferent
Movement
Inferior
Arise from Medulla
Connect to Cerebellum
Afferent
Equilibrium
Proprioception
Middle
Pons to Cerebellum
Efferent
Spinal Cord
Conus Medularis
Tapered End
Ends L1, L2
Cauda Equina
Inferior End of Vertebral Canal
Collection of Nerve Roots
Filum Terminale
Long Filament of Connective Tissue
Extends from Conus Medullaris
Attaches to Coccyx
Stablize Spinal Cord
Anterior Root
Efferent
Out of Spinal Cord
Axons
Motor Neurons
Visceral
Somatic
Posterior Root
Afferent
Sensory Information
Axons
Sensory Neurons
Visceral
Somatic
Posterior Root Ganglion
Cell bodies
Sensory Neurons
Unipolar
CNS Protection
Meninges
Dura Mater
Superficial
Toughest
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
2 Layers
Periosteal
Only in CNS
Periosteum
Attached to Bone
Meningeal
Deeper
Dural Venous Sinuses
Between Layers of Dura Mater
Return CSF to blood
Filled with Blood
Oxygen Poor
Conduct Blood
To Internal Jugular Vein
Arachnoid Mater
Thin Fibers
Arachnoid Granulations
Pia Mater
Delicate Connective Tissue
Vascularized
Capillaries
Clings to Cortex
Subarachnoid Space
Deep to Arachnoid Mater
Weblike Threads
Connect to Pia Mater
Filled with CSF
Bouyancy
Cushions
Nourishes Brain
Large Blood Vessels
Located in both Brain and Spinal Cord
Epidural Space
Only in Spinal Cord
External to Spinal Dura Mater
Filled with Fat
Network of Veins