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Chapter 8 and 9 (Energy (thermal (random movement of atoms or molecules,…
Chapter 8 and 9
Energy
potential
energy that is not kinetic
thermal
random movement of atoms or molecules
transferring from one molecule to the other is heat
chemical
potential energy
released by chemical reaction
Kinetic
objects in motion
can transfer energy
free energy
exergonic
net release of free energy
delta G is negative
occurs spontaneously
endergonic
delta G is positive
stores energy in molecules
nonspontaneous
energy coupling
the use of an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic
ATP responsible
enzyme
catalyst
speeds up reaction
proteins
macromolecule
catalysis
speeds up reactions without being used
heat
speeds up reactions
reactant acts in substrate
enzyme-substrate complex
active site
induced fit
tightening of binding
Metabolic pathways
series. of events
each step canalized by enzymes
manages material and energy of cell
Catabolic Pathway
Release Energy
Break down Complex molecules
anabolic pathways
Build complex molecule
consume energy
electron transport chain
inner membrane mitochondria
collection of molecules
eukaryotic cells
proteins
electrons go down the chain
lose small amount of energy with each step
keeps going until they reach oxygen
the more "downhill
the more electro negative
transfer NADH
to oxygen
exergonic reaction
thermodynamics
energy transformations
second law
most becomes heat
dissipates into surrounding
energy can become unusable
entropy
measure molecular disorder
randomness
living systems increase entropy
energy transfer or transformation increases entropy
spontaneous process
energetically favorable
increase in entropy
nonspontaneous process
energy is supplied
decrease entropy
first law
can be transferred
energy cannot be destroyed
cand be transformed
cellular respiration
three metabolic phases
citric acid cycle
breaks down glucose to carbon
oxidized organic molecules
oxidative phosphorylation
ATP synthesis
mitochondrion
glycolysis
cytosol
breaks down glucose into two molecule