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Central Nervous System-Megan Pederson (Cerebrum (Postcentral Gyrus…
Central Nervous System-Megan Pederson
Cerebrum
Precentral Gyrus
Control voluntary movememts
Primary Motor Cortex
Insula
Visceral Sensory Cortex
General Visceral Sensation
Postcentral Gyrus
Receive sensory information
Conscious of sensations
Primary Somasensory Cortex
Occipital Lobe
Location of Visual Cortex
Broca: Controls motor movements of speech, hard time speaking
Temporal Lobe
Auditory and Olfactory Cortex
Language comphrension
Hearing
Emotional Response
Werinke: Speaking is fine, can't complete a sentence that makes sense
Parietal Lobe
Conscious awareness
Primary somatosensory cortex
3 White matter tracts
Commissural
Cross from one side to another
Functions together
Projection
Motor decending
longest of tracts
Runs Vertically
Assocation
connect same side of hemisphere
shorter tracts
Messages getting sent
Frontal lobe
Speech production
Eye movement
High order cognitive funtion
Diencephalon
Thalamus
All sensory information goes thru thalamus expect Olfaction
Memory processing
Several Nuclei
Relay Station
Hypothalamus
Main Visceral control center(involuntary)
Controls the Autonomic Nervous System
Controls the Endocrine System
motivational behaviors food/sex
Involved with emotion
Formation of memory
Epithalamus
Function of pineal gland-secretes melatonin
Ependymal cells
sleep/wake cycles
Stimulated by hypothalamus
Brain Stem
Medulla Oblongata
Controls: Rate/strength of heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing rate
Decussation of Pyramids
Pyramidal fibers cross over to the opposite side of body
Right side of brain controls the left side of body
Pyramids-motor output
Cranial Nerve Nuclei
10/12 nerves connect to a portion of the brainstem
Olfaction/Optic does not pass
Pons
Pyramidal motor tracts
Descend down from cerebral cortex
Middle Cerebellar peduncle
connects cerebellum to cerebral cortex
Reticular formation nuclei
Sensory tracts
Ascending through hypothalamus
Midbrain
Cerebral peduncles
Superior colliculi: Visual Reflex
Inferior colliculi: Auditory Reflex
Corpa Quadrigemina- both colliculi
Has pyramidal motor tracts
Cerebellum
Function: Smooth body movements
Maintains posture, equilibrium
Cerebellar Peduncles
Thick fiber tracts connect Cerebellum to brain stem
Middle
Connects pons to cerebellum
From cerebral cortex to cerebellum
Inferior
Afferent
Proprioception signals
Superior
Efferent: cerebellum toward cerebral cortex
connects cerebellum to midbrain
Spinal Cord
Anterior roots
Efferent signal
Sends motor fibers to skeletal muscles
Posterior roots
Afferent signal
Enlargments
Cervical: Upper limbs
Lumbar: lower limbs
Filum Terminale- long filament fibrous CT anchors spinal cord
Conus Medullaris- Inferior part of enlargement
Cauda Equina-collection of nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal
Posterior root ganglion
Transmitting sensory signals to the spinal cord
Afferent signals
Cluster of neurons
CNS Protection
Meninges
Cover and Protect the CNS
Protects blood vessels that supply the brain
Contains cerebral spinal fluid
Dura Mater
Tough fibrous CT
Periosteal layer- attaches to bone
Meningeal-external covering of brain
Pia Mater
Fibrous CT
Directly on cerebrum
Capillary rich
Arachnoid Mater
Middle of the membranes
More delicate than dura mater
Subarachnoid space
Between arachnoid and pia mater
In both brain and spinal cord
Filled with CSF
Epidural Space
Only in spinal cord
Filled with adipose
Between bone and dura mater
Subdural Space
Between arachnoid mater and dura mater
Thin space
In both brain and spinal cord
Dural Sinsus
Formed by the separation of the periosteal and the menginal layers
It is oxygen poor blood
5 different dural sinsus
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Made in choroid plexus
Made in ventricles in the brain
Ependymal cells thru chemical modification
CSF flows from the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle and the subarachnoid space
Not in the cerebral aqueduct
Nutrients for the brain and spinal cord
Protects the brain
Cushions the brain
Blood Brain Barier
Tight junctions
Protects the brain from harmful toxins in the blood